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A322222
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E.g.f. C(y,x) = 1 + Integral S(y,x)*C(x,y) dy such that C(y,x)^2 - S(y,x)^2 = 1 and C(x,y) = Integral S(x,y)*C(y,x) dx, where C(y,x) = Sum_{n>=0} Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) * x^(2*n-2*k)*y^(2*k)/((2*n-2*k)!*(2*k)!), as a triangle of coefficients T(n,k) read by rows.
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5
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1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 8, 12, 1, 0, 32, 136, 94, 1, 0, 128, 1760, 2400, 824, 1, 0, 512, 25728, 62096, 47600, 7386, 1, 0, 2048, 398848, 1750400, 2213120, 1038616, 66436, 1, 0, 8192, 6318080, 53428992, 103849600, 84201600, 24216888, 597878, 1, 0, 32768, 100786176, 1735589888, 5135488000, 6207805440, 3427293408, 586155056, 5380848, 1, 0, 131072, 1611169792, 58877726720, 268962125824, 460536301312, 387334142976, 147664947312, 14448604000, 48427570, 1
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OFFSET
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0,5
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COMMENTS
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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The special functions S(x,y), C(x,y), and D(x,y) satisfy the following relations.
(1a) S(x,y) = Integral C(x,y) * C(y,x) dx.
(1b) S(y,x) = Integral C(y,x) * C(x,y) dy.
(1c) C(x,y) = 1 + Integral S(x,y) * C(y,x) dx.
(1d) C(y,x) = 1 + Integral S(y,x) * C(x,y) dy.
(2a) C(x,y)^2 - S(x,y)^2 = 1.
(2b) C(y,x)^2 - S(y,x)^2 = 1.
(3a) S(x,y) = sinh( Integral C(y,x) dx ).
(3b) S(y,x) = sinh( Integral C(x,y) dy ).
(3c) C(x,y) = cosh( Integral C(y,x) dx ).
(3d) C(y,x) = cosh( Integral C(x,y) dy ).
(4a) C(x,y) + S(x,y) = exp( Integral C(y,x) dx ).
(4b) C(y,x) + S(y,x) = exp( Integral C(x,y) dy ).
(5a) d/dx S(x,y) = C(x,y) * C(y,x).
(5b) d/dx C(x,y) = S(x,y) * C(y,x).
(5c) d/dy S(y,x) = C(y,x) * C(x,y).
(5d) d/dy C(y,x) = S(y,x) * C(x,y).
Introducing function D(x,y) completes the symmetric relations as follows.
(6a) D(x,y) = Integral S(y,x) * C(x,y) dx.
(6b) D(y,x) = Integral S(x,y) * C(y,x) dy.
(7a) S(x,y) = sinh(x) + Integral C(x,y) * D(x,y) dy.
(7b) S(y,x) = sinh(y) + Integral C(y,x) * D(y,x) dx.
(7c) C(x,y) = cosh(x) + Integral S(x,y) * D(x,y) dy.
(7d) C(y,x) = cosh(y) + Integral S(y,x) * D(y,x) dx.
(8a) C(x,y) + S(x,y) = exp( x + Integral D(x,y) dy ).
(8b) C(y,x) + S(y,x) = exp( y + Integral D(y,x) dx ).
(9a) Integral C(y,x) dx = x + Integral D(x,y) dy.
(9b) Integral C(x,y) dy = y + Integral D(y,x) dx.
(10a) d/dy S(x,y) = C(x,y) * D(x,y).
(10b) d/dy C(x,y) = S(x,y) * D(x,y).
(10c) d/dx S(y,x) = C(y,x) * D(y,x).
(10d) d/dx C(y,x) = S(y,x) * D(y,x).
(10e) d/dx D(x,y) = S(y,x) * C(x,y).
(10f) d/dy D(y,x) = S(x,y) * C(y,x).
For brevity, let Cx = C(x,y), Cy = C(y,x), Sx = S(x,y), Sy = S(y,x), Dx = D(x,y), Dy = D(y,x), then further relations may be written as follows.
(11a) Cx*Cy + Sx*Sy = cosh(y) + Integral (Cy + Dy)*(Sx*Cy + Cx*Sy) dx.
(11b) Sx*Cy + Cx*Sy = sinh(y) + Integral (Cy + Dy)*(Cx*Cy + Sx*Sy) dx.
(11c) Cx*Cy + Sx*Sy = cosh(x) + Integral (Cx + Dx)*(Sx*Cy + Cx*Sy) dy.
(11d) Sx*Cy + Cx*Sy = sinh(x) + Integral (Cx + Dx)*(Cx*Cy + Sx*Sy) dy.
(12a) (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy) = exp( y + Integral Cy + Dy dx ).
(12b) (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy) = exp( x + Integral Cx + Dx dy ).
(12c) (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy) = exp( x + y + Integral Dx dy + Integral Dy dx ).
(12d) (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy) = exp( x + y + Integral Integral Sx*Cy + Cx*Sy dx dy ).
(12e) x + Integral (Cx + Dx) dy = y + Integral (Cy + Dy) dx.
(13a) d/dx (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy) = (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy)*(Cy + Dy).
(13b) d/dy (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy) = (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy)*(Cx + Dx).
(14a) (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy) = exp(y) + Integral (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy)*(Cy + Dy) dx.
(14b) (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy) = exp(x) + Integral (Cx + Sx)*(Cy + Sy)*(Cx + Dx) dy.
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EXAMPLE
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E.g.f. C(y,x) = Sum_{n>=0} Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) * x^(2*n-2*k)*y^(2*k)/((2*n-2*k)!*(2*k)!) begins
C(y,x) = 1 + (1*y^2/2!) + (2*x^2*y^2/(2!*2!) + 1*y^4/4!) + (8*x^4*y^2/(4!*2!) + 12*x^2*y^4/(2!*4!) + 1*y^6/6!) + (32*x^6*y^2/(6!*2!) + 136*x^4*y^4/(4!*4!) + 94*x^2*y^6/(2!*6!) + 1*y^8/8!) + (128*x^8*y^2/(8!*2!) + 1760*x^6*y^4/(6!*4!) + 2400*x^4*y^6/(4!*6!) + 824*x^2*y^8/(2!*8!) + 1*y^10/10!) + (512*x^10*y^2/(10!*2!) + 25728*x^8*y^4/(8!*4!) + 62096*x^6*y^6/(6!*6!) + 47600*x^4*y^8/(4!*8!) + 7386*x^2*y^10/(2!*10!) + 1*y^12/12!) + (2048*x^12*y^2/(12!*2!) + 398848*x^10*y^4/(10!*4!) + 1750400*x^8*y^6/(8!*6!) + 2213120*x^6*y^8/(6!*8!) + 1038616*x^4*y^10/(4!*10!) + 66436*x^2*y^12/(2!*12!) + 1*y^14/14!) + (8192*x^14*y^2/(14!*2!) + 6318080*x^12*y^4/(12!*4!) + 53428992*x^10*y^6/(10!*6!) + 103849600*x^8*y^8/(8!*8!) + 84201600*x^6*y^10/(6!*10!) + 24216888*x^4*y^12/(4!*12!) + 597878*x^2*y^14/(2!*14!) + 1*y^16/16!) + ...
TRIANGLE.
This triangle of coefficients T(n,k) of x^(2*n-2*k)*y^(2*k)/((2*n-2*k)!*(2*k)!) in C(y,x) starts
1;
0, 1;
0, 2, 1;
0, 8, 12, 1;
0, 32, 136, 94, 1;
0, 128, 1760, 2400, 824, 1;
0, 512, 25728, 62096, 47600, 7386, 1;
0, 2048, 398848, 1750400, 2213120, 1038616, 66436, 1;
0, 8192, 6318080, 53428992, 103849600, 84201600, 24216888, 597878, 1;
0, 32768, 100786176, 1735589888, 5135488000, 6207805440, 3427293408, 586155056, 5380848, 1;
0, 131072, 1611169792, 58877726720, 268962125824, 460536301312, 387334142976, 147664947312, 14448604000, 48427570, 1; ...
RELATED SERIES.
The related series S(x,y), where C(x,y)^2 - S(x,y)^2 = 1, begins
S(x,y) = x + (1*x^3/3! + 1*x*y^2/2!) + (1*x^5/5! + 5*x^3*y^2/(3!*2!) + 1*x*y^4/4!) + (1*x^7/7! + 33*x^5*y^2/(5!*2!) + 33*x^3*y^4/(3!*4!) + 1*x*y^6/6!) + (1*x^9/9! + 277*x^7*y^2/(7!*2!) + 561*x^5*y^4/(5!*4!) + 277*x^3*y^6/(3!*6!) + 1*x*y^8/8!) + (1*x^11/11! + 2465*x^9*y^2/(9!*2!) + 10545*x^7*y^4/(7!*4!) + 10545*x^5*y^6/(5!*6!) + 2465*x^3*y^8/(3!*8!) + 1*x*y^10/10!) + (1*x^13/13! + 22149*x^11*y^2/(11!*2!) + 220065*x^9*y^4/(9!*4!) + 368213*x^7*y^6/(7!*6!) + 220065*x^5*y^8/(5!*8!) + 22149*x^3*y^10/(3!*10!) +1*x*y^12/12!) + (1*x^15/15! + 199297*x^13*y^2/(13!*2!) + 4983681*x^11*y^4/(11!*4!) + 13530881*x^9*y^6/(9!*6!) + 13530881*x^7*y^8/(7!*8!) + 4983681*x^5*y^10/(5!*10!) + 199297*x^3*y^12/(3!*12!) + 1*x*y^14/14!) + ...
The series S(x,y) may be defined by
S(x,y) = Integral C(x,y) * C(y,x) dx, and
S(y,x) = Integral C(y,x) * C(x,y) dy,
such that C(x,y)^2 = 1 + S(x,y)^2.
The related series D(x,y) = Integral S(y,x) * C(x,y) dx, begins
D(x,y) = x*y + (2*x^3*y/3! + 1*x*y^3/3!) + (8*x^5*y/5! + 12*x^3*y^3/(3!*3!) + 1*x*y^5/5!) + (32*x^7*y/7! + 136*x^5*y^3/(5!*3!) + 94*x^3*y^5/(3!*5!) + 1*x*y^7/7!) + (128*x^9*y/9! + 1760*x^7*y^3/(7!*3!) + 2400*x^5*y^5/(5!*5!) + 824*x^3*y^7/(3!*7!) + 1*x*y^9/9!) + (512*x^11*y/11! + 25728*x^9*y^3/(9!*3!) + 62096*x^7*y^5/(7!*5!) + 47600*x^5*y^7/(5!*7!) + 7386*x^3*y^9/(3!*9!) + 1*x*y^11/11!) + (2048*x^13*y/13! + 398848*x^11*y^3/(11!*3!) + 1750400*x^9*y^5/(9!*5!) + 2213120*x^7*y^7/(7!*7!) + 1038616*x^5*y^9/(5!*9!) + 66436*x^3*y^11/(3!*11!) + 1*x*y^13/13!) + (8192*x^15*y/15! + 6318080*x^13*y^3/(13!*3!) + 53428992*x^11*y^5/(11!*5!) + 103849600*x^9*y^7/(9!*7!) + 84201600*x^7*y^9/(7!*9!) + 24216888*x^5*y^11/(5!*11!) + 597878*x^3*y^13/(3!*13!) + 1*x*y^15/15!) + ...
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PROG
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(PARI) {T(n, k) = my(Sx=x, Sy=y, Cx=1, Cy=1); for(i=1, 2*n,
Sx = intformal( Cx*Cy +x*O(x^(2*n)), x);
Cx = 1 + intformal( Sx*Cy, x);
Sy = intformal( Cy*Cx +y*O(y^(2*k)), y);
Cy = 1 + intformal( Sy*Cx, y));
(2*n-2*k)!*(2*k)! *polcoeff(polcoeff( Cy, 2*n-2*k, x), 2*k, y)}
for(n=0, 10, for(k=0, n, print1( T(n, k), ", ")); print(""))
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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