OFFSET
1,3
EXAMPLE
G.f.: A(x) = x + x^2 - 4*x^3 + 39*x^4 - 580*x^5 + 11480*x^6 +...
Coefficients in the initial iterations of A(x) begin:
[1, 1, -4,. 39,.. -580,. 11480,. -285116,.. 8617217,. -311138320,...];
[1, 2,(-6), 59,.. -898,. 18228,. -463816,. 14330618,. -527519702,...];
[1, 3,(-6),(66), -1048,. 21932,. -572180,. 18055088,. -676555682,...];
[1, 4, -4, (66),(-1100), 23750,. -634548,. 20415192,. -777438522,...];
[1, 5,. 0,. 65, (-1100),(24430), -666940,. 21835125,. -843666770,...];
[1, 6,. 6,. 69,. -1070, (24430),(-679756), 22603642,. -884811200,...];
[1, 7, 14,. 84,. -1008,. 24038, (-679756),(22919008), -907726332,...];
[1, 8, 24, 116,.. -888,. 23492,. -671320, (22919008),(-917372412),...];
[1, 9, 36, 171,.. -660,. 23100,. -656988,. 22701057, (-917372412),...]; ...
where the above coefficients in parenthesis illustrate the property
that the coefficients of x^n in A_{n}(x) and in A_{n-1}(x) are equal.
PROG
(PARI) {a(n)=local(F=x+x^2+sum(m=3, n-1, a(m)*x^m)+x*O(x^n), G=x, H); for(i=1, n-1, G=subst(G, x, F)); H=subst(G, x, F); if(n<1, 0, if(n<3, 1, polcoeff(G-H, n)))}
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
sign
AUTHOR
Paul D. Hanna, May 13 2010
STATUS
approved