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A160117
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Number of "ON" cells after n-th stage in simple 2-dimensional cellular automaton (see Comments for precise definition).
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12
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0, 1, 9, 13, 41, 49, 101, 113, 189, 205, 305, 325, 449, 473, 621, 649, 821, 853, 1049, 1085, 1305, 1345, 1589, 1633, 1901, 1949, 2241, 2293, 2609, 2665, 3005, 3065, 3429, 3493, 3881, 3949, 4361, 4433, 4869, 4945, 5405, 5485, 5969, 6053, 6561, 6649, 7181, 7273
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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Define "peninsula cell" to be the "ON" cell connected to the structure by exactly one of its vertices.
Define "bridge cell" to be the "ON" cell connected to two cells of the structure by exactly consecutive two of its vertices.
On the infinite square grid, we start at stage 0 with all cells in OFF state. At stage 1, we turn ON a single cell, in the central position.
In order to construct this sequence we use the following rules:
- If n is even, we turn "ON" the cells around the cells turned "ON" at the generation n-1.
- If n is odd, we turn "ON" the possible bridge cells and the possible peninsula cells.
- Everything that is already ON remains ON.
A160411, the first differences, gives the number of cells turned "ON" at n-th stage.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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a(2n) = 5 + 2n(7n-5) for n>=1, a(2n+1) = 5 + 2n(7n-3) for n>=1. - Nathaniel Johnston, Nov 06 2010
G.f.: x*(x^2+1)*(4*x^3+x^2+8*x+1)/((x+1)^2*(1-x)^3). - Alois P. Heinz, Sep 16 2011
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EXAMPLE
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If we label the generations of cells turned ON by consecutive numbers we get the cell pattern shown below:
9...9...9...9...9
.888.888.888.888.
.878.878.878.878.
.886668666866688.
9..656.656.656..9
.886644464446688.
.878.434.434.878.
.886644222446688.
9..656.212.656..9
.886644222446688.
.878.434.434.878.
.886644464446688.
9..656.656.656..9
.886668666866688.
.878.878.878.878.
.888.888.888.888.
9...9...9...9...9
At the first generation, only the central "1" is ON, so a(1) = 1. At the second generation, we turn ON eight cells around the central cell, leading to a(2) = a(1)+8 = 9. At the third generation, we turn ON four peninsula cells, so a(3) = a(2)+4 = 13. At the fourth generation, we turn ON the cells around the cells turned ON at the third generation, so a(4) = a(3)+28 = 41. At the 5th generation, we turn ON four peninsula cells and four bridge cells, so a(5) = a(4)+8 = 49.
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MAPLE
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a:= proc(n) local r;
r:= irem(n, 2);
`if`(n<2, n, 5+(n-r)*((7*n-3*r)/2-5))
end:
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MATHEMATICA
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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