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A116178
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Stewart's choral sequence: a(3n) = 0, a(3n-1) = 1, a(3n+1) = a(n).
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12
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0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1
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OFFSET
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0,1
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COMMENTS
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The sequence is cubefree, i.e., it contains no substrings of the form XXX where X is a sequence of 0's and 1's.
The sequence is the same as the infinite binary word w(infty) generated by w(n+1)=w(n)w(n)w*(n), where n is in {0,1,2,...}, w(0)=0 and w*(n) is w(n) with the middle letter changed. (Example: w*(0)=1, w(1)=001, w*(1)=011, w(2)=001001011.) - Joel Reyes Noche (joel.noche(AT)up.edu.ph), Mar 24 2008
The sequence is the fixed point of the morphism 0->001, 1->011, starting from a(0) = 0. - Joel Reyes Noche (joel.noche(AT)up.edu.ph), Apr 28 2008
A generalized choral sequence c(3n+r_0)=0, c(3n+r_1)=1, c(3n+r_c)=c(n), with r_0=0, r_1=2, and r_c=1. - Joel Reyes Noche (joel.noche(AT)up.edu.ph), Jul 09 2009
It is an infinite Lyndon word; it has an infinite number of prefixes which are Lyndon words (0, 001, 001001011, etc.). - Joel Reyes Noche (joel.noche(AT)up.edu.ph), Nov 01 2009
This sequence (with offset 1) is given by a(3k-2)=0, a(3k-1)=a(k), a(3k)=1-a(k) for k>=1, a(0)=0; for sequences generated by such recurrences, see A189628. - Clark Kimberling, Apr 28 2011
Van der Waerden's theorem tells us there can be no infinite binary word avoiding a monochromatic arithmetic progression of length 5 (the longest is of length 177; see A121894). However, Stewart's choral sequence has the property that it has no ababa appearing in arithmetic progression, for a different from b. - Jeffrey Shallit, Jul 03 2020
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REFERENCES
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J.R. Noche, On Stewart's Choral Sequence, Gibon, 8 (2008), 1-5. [From Joel Reyes Noche (joel.noche(AT)up.edu.ph), Aug 20 2008]
J. R. Noche, Generalized Choral Sequences, Matimyas Matematika, 31 (2008), 25-28. [From Joel Reyes Noche (joel.noche(AT)up.edu.ph), Jul 09 2009]
Ian Stewart, How to Cut a Cake and Other Mathematical Conundrums, Chapter 6.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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a(3*n) = 0, a(3*n-1) = 1 and a(3*n+1) = a(n).
G.f.: x^2/(1-x^3) +x^7/(1-x^9) +x^22/(1-x^27) +... . a(-1-n) = 1-a(n). - Michael Somos, Apr 17 2007
a(k)=1 if k=3^{m+1}n+(1/2)(5*3^m-1) and a(k)=0 if k=3^{m+1}n+(1/2)(3^m-1) for m,n in {0,1,2,...}. - Joel Reyes Noche (joel.noche(AT)up.edu.ph), Mar 24 2008
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MATHEMATICA
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t = Nest[Flatten[# /. {0->{0, 0, 1}, 1->{0, 1, 1}}] &, {0}, 5] (*A116178*)
f[n_] := t[[n]]
Flatten[Position[t, 0]] (*A189636*)
Flatten[Position[t, 1]] (*A189637*)
s[n_] := Sum[f[i], {i, 1, n}]; s[0] = 0;
Table[s[n], {n, 1, 120}] (*A189638*)
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PROG
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(PARI) {a(n)= if(n<0, 1-a(-1-n), if(n%3==0, 0, if(n%3==2, 1, a(n\3))))} /* Michael Somos, Apr 17 2007 */
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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easy,nonn
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AUTHOR
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Richard Forster (gbrl01(AT)yahoo.co.uk), Apr 15 2007
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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