A109158 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is number of paths from (0,0) to (3n,0) that stay in the first quadrant (but may touch the horizontal axis), consisting of steps u=(2,1),U=(1,2), or d=(1,-1) and having height of last peak equal to k.

1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 1, 10, 20, 18, 12, 5, 1, 66, 132, 122, 92, 54, 24, 7, 1, 498, 996, 930, 732, 478, 264, 118, 40, 9, 1, 4066, 8132, 7634, 6140, 4214, 2552, 1342, 600, 218, 60, 11, 1, 34970, 69940, 65874, 53676, 37910, 24136, 13782, 7016, 3122, 1180, 362, 84, 13, 1

Offset

1,3

Comments

Row n has 2n terms. Row sums yield A027307. T(n,1)=A027307(n-1). T(n,2)=2*A027307(n-1) for n>=2.

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=1..56.

Emeric Deutsch, Problem 10658: Another Type of Lattice Path, American Math. Monthly, 107, 2000, 368-370.

Formula

G.f.=tz(1+t)/[1-tz-t^2z-(1+t)zA-zA^2], where A=1+zA^2+zA^3=(2/3)*sqrt((z+3)/z)*sin((1/3)*arcsin(sqrt(z)*(z+18)/(z+3)^(3/2)))-1/3 (the g.f. of A027307).

Example

T(2,3)=3 because we have uUddd, UdUddd and Uuddd.
Triangle begins:
1,1;
2,4,3,1;
10,20,18,12,5,1;
66,132,122,92,54,24,7,1;

Maple

A:=(2/3)*sqrt((z+3)/z)*sin((1/3)*arcsin(sqrt(z)*(z+18)/(z+3)^(3/2)))-1/3: G:=t*z*(1+t)/(1-t*z-t^2*z-(1+t)*z*A-z*A^2): Gser:=simplify(series(G, z=0, 10)): for n from 1 to 8 do P[n]:=coeff(Gser, z^n) od: for n from 1 to 8 do seq(coeff(P[n], t^k), k=1..2*n) od; # yields sequence in triangular form

Crossrefs

Cf. A027307.

Sequence in context: A274329 A322398 A341606 * A307500 A049245 A123547

Adjacent sequences: A109155 A109156 A109157 * A109159 A109160 A109161

Keyword

nonn,tabf

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Jun 21 2005

Status

approved