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A054026
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a(n) is the number of sets of natural numbers [a,b,c,d,e] that can be produced with the numbers [0..n] such that the values of all the distinct parenthesized expressions of a-b-c-d-e are different.
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1
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0, 0, 0, 0, 300, 1296, 4116, 9984, 21384, 40800, 72600, 120960, 192660, 294000, 434700, 623616, 873936, 1197504, 1611504, 2131200, 2778300, 3571920, 4538820, 5702400, 7095000, 8744736, 10690056, 12964224, 15612324, 18673200, 22199100, 26234880, 30840480, 36067200, 41983200, 48646656, 56134476
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OFFSET
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0,5
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COMMENTS
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There are 14 ways to put parentheses in the expression a - b - c - d - e: ((a - (b - c)) - d) - e, (((a - b) - c) - d) - e, ((a - b) - (c - d)) - e, etc. This sequence describes how many sets of natural numbers [a,b,c,d,e] can be produced with the numbers {0,1,2,3,...,n} such that the values of all the distinct expressions are different.
It can be shown that in the set of expressions obtained this way, for any number of variables, a is always positive, b is always negative, and the other variables appear with every possible combination of signs. Therefore, the valid k-tuples of numbers in [0..n] are precisely those such that every subset of {c,d,e,...}, including the empty subset, has a distinct sum. For 5 variables, there are n*(n-1)*(n-2) ways to choose distinct, nonzero values for c, d, and e. For each k, there are floor((n-1)/2) ways to choose distinct numbers x and y in [0..n] such that x + y = k. Summing over all k in [0..n], allowing arbitrary permutations of {x,y,k}, and allowing a and b to be any value gives the formula below. - Charlie Neder, Jan 13 2019
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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EXAMPLE
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For example, no such sets can be produced with only 0's, only 0's and 1's, only 0's and 1's and 2's, only 1's and 2's and 3's; with {0,1,2,3,4}, 300 such sets can be produced.
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PROG
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(PARI) a(n) = (1+n)^2*(3*(-1)^n+4*n^3-18*n^2+20*n-3)/4; \\ Jinyuan Wang, Jun 27 2020
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CROSSREFS
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Cf. A045991 (similar for a - b - c), A047929 (similar for a - b - c - d).
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KEYWORD
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nonn,nice,easy
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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