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Template:(
[⧼Purge⧽ Template:(]
The {{(|expression to delimit|)}} mathematical formatting template delimits expressions with normal or larger size parentheses/square brackets/curly brackets (braces) for either HTML+CSS or LaTeX.
Note: neither a {{[|...|]}}
(square bracket) template nor a {{{|...|}}}
(brace) template works with MediaWiki!
Contents
Usage
- {{(|expression to delimit|)}}
or
- {{(|expression to delimit|)|type}}
or
- {{(|expression to delimit|)|format}}
or
- {{(|expression to delimit|)|type|format}}
where the mandatory [dummy] second argument must be )
for visual balancing of left and right delimiters, viz.
- {{(|expression to delimit|)}}
and the [optional] third argument (type
) is from
-
none
: no delimiters;
-
( )
: normal ( ... ); -
big ( )
: corresponds to\big( ... \big)
in LaTeX; -
Big ( )
: corresponds to\Big( ... \Big)
in LaTeX; -
bigg ( )
: corresponds to\bigg( ... \bigg)
in LaTeX; -
Bigg ( )
: corresponds to\Bigg( ... \Bigg)
in LaTeX; -
auto ( )
: corresponds to\left( ... \right)
in LaTeX (default);
-
[ ]
: normal [ ... ]; -
big [ ]
: corresponds to\big[ ... \big]
in LaTeX; -
Big [ ]
: corresponds to\Big[ ... \Big]
in LaTeX; -
bigg [ ]
: corresponds to\bigg[ ... \bigg]
in LaTeX; -
Bigg [ ]
: corresponds to\Bigg[ ... \Bigg]
in LaTeX; -
auto [ ]
: corresponds to\left[ ... \right]
in LaTeX;
-
~ ~
: normal { ... }; -
big ~ ~
: corresponds to\big\{ ... \big\}
in LaTeX; -
Big ~ ~
: corresponds to\Big\{ ... \Big\}
in LaTeX; -
bigg ~ ~
: corresponds to\bigg\{ ... \bigg\}
in LaTeX; -
Bigg ~ ~
: corresponds to\Bigg\{ ... \Bigg\}
in LaTeX; -
auto ~ ~
: corresponds to\left\{ ... \right\}
in LaTeX;
-
< >
: normal ⟨ ... ⟩; -
big < >
: corresponds to\big\langle ... \big\rangle
in LaTeX; -
Big < >
: corresponds to\Big\langle ... \Big\rangle
in LaTeX; -
bigg < >
: corresponds to\bigg\langle ... \bigg\rangle
in LaTeX; -
Bigg < >
: corresponds to\Bigg\langle ... \Bigg\rangle
in LaTeX; -
auto < >
: corresponds to\left\langle ... \right\rangle
in LaTeX;
-
<< >>
: normal ⟪ ... ⟫; -
big << >>
: corresponds to\big{\langle\langle} ... \big{\rangle\rangle}
in LaTeX; -
Big << >>
: corresponds to\Big{\langle\langle} ... \Big{\rangle\rangle}
in LaTeX; -
bigg << >>
: corresponds to\bigg{\langle\langle} ... \bigg{\rangle\rangle}
in LaTeX; -
Bigg << >>
: corresponds to\Bigg{\langle\langle} ... \Bigg{\rangle\rangle}
in LaTeX; -
auto << >>
: corresponds to\left{\langle\langle} ... \right{\rangle\rangle}
in LaTeX;
and the [optional] format
(either fourth argument, or third argument if type
is omitted) is from
-
htm
: HTML+CSS (default); -
tex
: LaTeX.
Examples
Non mathematical examples
See non mathematical examples.
Mathematical examples with automatically sized groupings
: {{math|{{(|{{frac|1|2}} {{op|+}} {{frac|{{sqrt|{{op|-}}3}}|2}}|)}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} {{=}} {{(|''e''{{^|{{frac|''i''{{sp|1}}{{Gr|pi}}|3}}}}|)}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} {{=}} {{op|-}}1. |tex = \left( \frac{1}{2} + \frac{ \sqrt{-3} }{2} \right)^3 = \left( e^{ \frac{i \pi}{3} } \right)^3 = -1.|&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS
-
+1 2
3 = e√ −32
3 = −1.i π 3
and with the $$
option, yields the display style LaTeX
The code (from Buffon’s constant)
: {{math|{{frac|2|{{Gr|pi}}|HTM}} {{=}} 1 + <!-- -->{{sum|''n''{{=}}1|infty|HTM}} ({{op|-}}1){{^|''n''}} (4{{sp|1}}''n'' + 1) <!-- -->{{(|{{frac|{{prod|''i''{{=}}1|''n''}} 2{{sp|1}}''i'' {{op|-}} 1|{{prod|''j''{{=}}1|''n''}} 2{{sp|1}}''j''|HTM}}|)}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} {{=}} |tex = \frac{2}{\pi} = 1 + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^{n} (4n + 1) \left( \frac{ \prod_{i=1}^n 2i - 1 }{ \prod_{j=1}^n 2j } \right)^3 = |&&}} <!-- Broken in two to avoid "Error: String exceeds 10,000 character limit." -->{{math|1 {{op|-}} 5 {{(|{{frac|1|2|HTM}}|)}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} + 9 {{(|{{frac|3|8|HTM}}|)}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} {{op|-}} 13 {{(|{{frac|5|16|HTM}}|)|Big ( )}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} + {{...|cdots}}. |tex = \!\! 1 - 5 \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^3 + 9 \left( \frac{3}{8} \right)^3 - 13 \left( \frac{5}{16} \right)^3 + \cdots.|&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS
-
= 1 +2 π ∞∑ n = 1
3 =2 i − 1∏ ni = 12 j∏ nj = 11 − 5
3 + 91 2
3 − 133 8
3 + ⋯.5 16
and with the $$
option, yields the display style LaTeX
The code (from Buffon’s needle problem)
: {{math|''P''{{sp|1}}(''l'', ''d''{{sp|1}}) {{=}} <!-- -->{{(|{{int|0|{{Gr|pi}}|HTM}} sin ''{{Gr|theta}}''{{sp|2}}{{op|sdot}}{{frac|{{d|''{{Gr|theta}}''}}|{{Gr|pi}}|HTM}}|)}}{{sp|1}}{{op|sdot}}''P''{{sp|-5}}{{sub|{{sym|perp}}}}(''l'', ''d''{{sp|1}}) {{=}} <!-- -->{{(|{{frac|{{op|-}}{{sp|1}}[cos ''{{Gr|theta}}''{{sp|2}}]{{subsup|0|{{Gr|pi}}}}|{{Gr|pi}}|HTM}}|)}}{{op|sdot}}{{frac|''l''|''d''|HTM}} {{=}} {{frac|2|{{Gr|pi}}|HTM}}{{op|sdot}}{{frac|''l''|''d''|HTM}}{{sp|3}}. |tex = P(l, d) = \left( \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin \theta \sdot \frac{d\theta}{\pi} \right) \sdot P_{\perp}(l, d) = \left( \frac{- [\cos \theta]_{0}^{\pi}}{\pi} \right) \sdot \frac{l}{d} = \frac{2}{\pi} \sdot \frac{l}{d} \, . |&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS
-
P (l, d ) =
sin θ ⋅∫ π 0
⋅ P⊥(l, d ) =d θ π
⋅− [cos θ ] π0 π
=l d
⋅2 π
.l d
and with the $$
option, yields the display style LaTeX
Mathematical examples with manually sized groupings
- The manually sized groupings render very badly in Chrome and MS Edge!
: {{math|{{(|{{frac|1|2}} {{op|+}} {{frac|{{sqrt|{{op|-}}3}}|2}}|)|Big}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} {{=|sp}} {{(|''e''{{^|{{frac|''i''{{sp|1}}{{Gr|pi}}|3}}}}|)|big}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} {{=|sp}} {{op|-}}1. |tex = \left( \frac{1}{2} + \frac{ \sqrt{-3} }{2} \right)^3 = \left( e^{ \frac{i \pi}{3} } \right)^3 = -1.|&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS
-
3 =⎛ ⎝
+1 2 √ −32 ⎞ ⎠
3 = −1.⎛ ⎝ e i π 3 ⎞ ⎠
and with the $$
option, yields the display style LaTeX
The code (from Buffon’s constant)
: {{math|{{frac|2|{{Gr|pi}}|HTM}} {{=|sp}} 1 + <!-- -->{{sum|''n''{{=}}1|infty|HTM}} ({{op|-}}1){{^|''n''}} (4{{sp|1}}''n'' + 1) <!-- -->{{(|{{frac|{{prod|''i''{{=}}1|''n''}} 2{{sp|1}}''i'' {{op|-}} 1|{{prod|''j''{{=}}1|''n''}} 2{{sp|1}}''j''|HTM}}|)|Big ( )}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} {{=|sp}} |tex = \frac{2}{\pi} = 1 + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (-1)^{n} (4n + 1) \left( \frac{ \prod_{i=1}^n 2i - 1 }{ \prod_{j=1}^n 2j } \right)^3 = |&&}} <!-- Broken in two to avoid "Error: String exceeds 10,000 character limit." -->{{math|1 {{op|-}} 5 {{(|{{frac|1|2|HTM}}|)|Big ( )}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} + 9 {{(|{{frac|3|8|HTM}}|)|Big ( )}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} {{op|-}} 13 {{(|{{frac|5|16|HTM}}|)|Big ( )}}{{^|{{^|3|100%}}}} + {{...|cdots}}. |tex = \!\! 1 - 5 \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^3 + 9 \left( \frac{3}{8} \right)^3 - 13 \left( \frac{5}{16} \right)^3 + \cdots.|&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS
-
= 1 +2 π ∞∑ n = 1
3 =⎛ ⎝ 2 i − 1∏ ni = 12 j∏ nj = 1⎞ ⎠ 1 − 5
3 + 9⎛ ⎝ 1 2 ⎞ ⎠
3 − 13⎛ ⎝ 3 8 ⎞ ⎠
3 + ⋯.⎛ ⎝ 5 16 ⎞ ⎠
and with the $$
option, yields the display style LaTeX
The code (from Buffon’s needle problem)
: {{math|''P''{{sp|1}}(''l'', ''d''{{sp|2}}) {{=|sp}} <!-- -->{{(|{{int|0|{{Gr|pi}}|HTM}} sin ''{{Gr|theta}}''{{sp|2}}{{op|sdot}}{{frac|{{d|''{{Gr|theta}}''}}|{{Gr|pi}}|HTM}}|)|Big}}{{sp|1}}{{op|sdot}}''P''{{sp|-5}}{{sub|{{sym|perp}}}}(''l'', ''d''{{sp|1}}) {{=|sp}} <!-- -->{{(|{{frac|{{op|-}}{{sp|1}}[cos ''{{Gr|theta}}''{{sp|2}}]{{subsup|0|{{Gr|pi}}}}|{{Gr|pi}}|HTM}}|)|Big}}{{op|sdot}}{{frac|''l''|''d''|HTM}} {{=|sp}} {{frac|2|{{Gr|pi}}|HTM}}{{op|sdot}}{{frac|''l''|''d''|HTM}}{{sp|3}}. |tex = P(l, d) = \left( \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin \theta \sdot \frac{d\theta}{\pi} \right) \sdot P_{\perp}(l, d) = \left( \frac{- [\cos \theta]_{0}^{\pi}}{\pi} \right) \sdot \frac{l}{d} = \frac{2}{\pi} \sdot \frac{l}{d} \, . |&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS
-
P (l, d ) =
⋅ P⊥(l, d ) =⎛ ⎝
sin θ ⋅∫ π 0 d θ π ⎞ ⎠
⋅⎛ ⎝ − [cos θ ] π0 π ⎞ ⎠
=l d
⋅2 π
.l d
and with the $$
option, yields the display style LaTeX
Maxwell’s equations
The code
{{indent}}{{math| {{align|begin}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial}}''V''||{{vec|E|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} <!-- -->{{frac|1|''{{Gr|epsilon}}''{{sub|0}}|HTM}} {{iiint|''V''||''{{Gr|rho}}''{{sp|3}}{{d|''V''}}|HTM}} {{\\}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial}}''V''||{{vec|B|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} 0 {{\\}} {{oint|{{sym|partial}}''S''||{{vec|E|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|x|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} {{op|-}}{{iint|''S''||{{partial|{{vec|B|b}}|''t''|HTM}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{\\}} {{oint|{{sym|partial}}''S''||{{vec|B|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|x|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} <!-- -->{{iint|''S''||{{(|''{{Gr|mu}}''{{sub|0}}{{sp|1}}{{vec|J|b}} + {{frac|1|''c''{{^|2}}|HTM}} {{partial|{{vec|E|b}}|''t''|HTM}}|)|Big}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{align|end}} |&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS
Error: String exceeds 10,000 character limit. |
The code (broken in three calls to {{math}} to avoid the pesky 10,000 character limit for template arguments)
{{indent}}{{math| {{align|begin}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial}}''V''||{{vec|E|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} <!-- -->{{frac|1|''{{Gr|epsilon}}''{{sub|0}}|HTM}} {{iiint|''V''||''{{Gr|rho}}''{{sp|3}}{{d|''V''}}|HTM}} {{\\}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial}}''V''||{{vec|B|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} 0 {{\\}} {{align|end}} |&&}}{{clear}} {{indent}}{{nbsp|3}}{{math| {{oint|{{sym|partial}}''S''||{{vec|E|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|x|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} {{op|-}}{{iint|''S''||{{partial|{{vec|B|b}}|''t''|HTM}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} |&&}}{{clear}} {{indent}}{{nbsp|3}}{{math| {{oint|{{sym|partial}}''S''||{{vec|B|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|x|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} <!-- -->{{iint|''S''||{{(|''{{Gr|mu}}''{{sub|0}}{{sp|1}}{{vec|J|b}} + {{frac|1|''c''{{^|2}}|HTM}} {{partial|{{vec|E|b}}|''t''|HTM}}|)|Big}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} |&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS
|
| = −
|
| =
|
The code
{{indent}}{{math| {{align|begin|tex}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial|tex}}''V''||{{vec|E|b|tex}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|S|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{&=|tex}} <!-- -->{{frac|1|''{{Gr|epsilon|tex}}''{{sub|0|tex}}|tex}} {{iiint|''V''||''{{Gr|rho|tex}}''{{sp|3|tex}}{{d|''V''|tex}}|TEX}} {{\\|tex}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial|tex}}''V''||{{vec|B|b|tex}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|S|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{&=|tex}} 0 {{\\|tex}} {{oint|{{sym|partial|tex}}''S''||{{vec|E|b|tex}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|x|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{&=|tex}} <!-- -->{{op|-}}{{iint|''S''||{{partial|{{vec|B|b|tex}}|''t''|TEX}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|S|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{\\|tex}} {{oint|{{sym|partial|tex}}''S''||{{vec|B|b|tex}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|x|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{&=|tex}} <!-- -->{{iint|''S''||{{(|''{{Gr|mu|tex}}''{{sub|0|tex}}{{sp|1|tex}}{{vec|J|b|tex}} + {{frac|1|''c''{{^|2|tex}}|tex}} <!-- -->{{partial|{{vec|E|b|tex}}|''t''|TEX}}|)|Big|tex}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|S|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{align|end|tex}} |$$}}
yields the display style LaTeX
Matrix examples
See {{matrix}} (uses {{(|expression to delimit|)}} for the matrix parentheses or square brackets).
See also
- {{parenthesis}} ({{paren}})
- {{square bracket}} ({{sqbrack}})
- {{curly bracket}} ({{brace}})
- {{overbrace}}
- {{underbrace}}