OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
The matrix inverse M = T^(-1) has terms M(n,n) = 1 for n >= 0, M(n,n-1) = -(n+1) for n > 0, and M(n,n-2) = n for n > 1, otherwise 0.
LINKS
Sela Fried, On a sum involving factorials, 2024.
FORMULA
T(n,n) = 1 and T(2*n,n) = A109398(n) for n >= 0; T(n,n-1) = n+1 for n > 0; T(n,n-2) = n^2 for n > 1.
T(n,k) - T(n-1,k) = (n!) / (k!) = A094587(n,k) for 0 <= k < n.
T(n,k) = (k+2) * (T(n,k+1) - T(n,k+2)) for 0 <= k < n-1.
T(n,k) = (T(n,k-1) - 1) / k for 0 < k <= n.
T(n,k) * T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-1,k) * T(n,k-1) = (n!) / (k!) for 0 < k < n.
T(n,1) = T(n,0)-1 = Sum_{k=0..n-1} T(n,k)/(k+2) for n > 0 (conjectured).
Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(k+r,k) * (1-k) * T(n+r,k+r) = binomial(n+r+1,n) for n >= 0 and r >= 0.
Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k * (k+1) * T(n,k) = (1 + (-1)^n) / 2 for n >= 0.
Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k * (k!) * T(n,k) = Sum_{k=0..n} (k!) * (1+(-1)^k) / 2 for n >= 0.
The row polynomials p(n,x) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) * x^k for n >= 0 satisfy the following equations:
(a) p(n,x) - p'(n,x) = (x^(n+1)-1) / (x-1) for n >= 0, where p' is the first derivative of p;
(b) p(n,x) - (n+1) * p(n-1,x) + n * p(n-2,x) = x^n for n > 1.
(c) p(n,x) = (x+1) * p(n-1,x) + 1 + Sum_{i=1..n-1} (d/dx)^i p(n-1,x) for n > 0 (conjectured).
Row sums p(n,1) equal A002104(n+1) for n >= 0.
Alternating row sums p(n,-1) equal A173184(n) for n >= 0 (conjectured).
The three conjectures stated above are true. See links. - Sela Fried, Jul 11 2024.
From Peter Luschny, Jul 11 2024: (Start)
T(n, k) = (t(k) - t(n + 1)) / k!, where t(n) = (-1)^(n + 1) * Gamma(n + 1) * Subfactorial(-(n + 1)).
T(n, k) = A143122(n, k) / k!. (End)
EXAMPLE
The triangle T(n,k) for 0 <= k <= n starts:
n\k : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
=================================================================
0 : 1
1 : 2 1
2 : 4 3 1
3 : 10 9 4 1
4 : 34 33 16 5 1
5 : 154 153 76 25 6 1
6 : 874 873 436 145 36 7 1
7 : 5914 5913 2956 985 246 49 8 1
8 : 46234 46233 23116 7705 1926 385 64 9 1
9 : 409114 409113 204556 68185 17046 3409 568 81 10 1
etc.
MATHEMATICA
T[n_, k_] := Sum[i!, {i, k, n}]/k!; Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 9}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Amiram Eldar, Oct 20 2021 *)
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
AUTHOR
Werner Schulte, Oct 20 2021
STATUS
approved