OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
For n = 1, there is no (n-1)-th up step, a(1) = 1 is the total number of down steps before the first up step.
LINKS
Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1027
A. Asinowski, B. Hackl, and S. Selkirk, Down step statistics in generalized Dyck paths, arXiv:2007.15562 [math.CO], 2020.
FORMULA
a(0) = 0 and a(n) = binomial(4*n+6, n+1)/(2*n+3) - 4*binomial(4*n+2, n)/(2*n+1) for n > 0.
EXAMPLE
For n = 2, the 3_1-Dyck paths are UDDDDUDD, UDDDUDDD, UDDUDDDD, UDUDDDDD, UUDDDDDD, DUDDDUDD, DUDDUDDD, DUDUDDDD, DUUDDDDD. Therefore the total number of down steps between the first and second up steps is a(2) = 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 0 + 3 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 16.
MATHEMATICA
a[0] = 0; a[n_] := Binomial[4*n+6, n+1]/(2*n + 3) - 4 * Binomial[4*n + 2, n]/(2*n + 1); Array[a, 22, 0]
PROG
(SageMath) [binomial(4*n + 6, n + 1)/(2*n + 3) - 4*binomial(4*n + 2, n)/(2*n + 1) if n > 0 else 0 for n in srange(30)] # Benjamin Hackl, May 19 2020
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,easy
AUTHOR
Sarah Selkirk, May 18 2020
STATUS
approved