A235124 The rounded harmonic index of the rooted tree with Matula number n (n>=2).

1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 4, 4, 2, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 2, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 4

Offset

2,4

Comments

The harmonic index of a graph is defined as the summation of 2/(d(u)+d(v)) over all edges uv of G, where d(w) denotes the degree of the vertex w.

The Matula number of a rooted tree can be defined in the following recursive manner: to the one-vertex tree there corresponds the number 1; to a tree T with root degree 1 there corresponds the t-th prime number, where t is the Matula number of the tree obtained from T by deleting the edge emanating from the root; to a tree T with root degree m>=2 there corresponds the product of the Matula numbers of the m branches of T.

References

L. Zhong, The harmonic index for graphs, Appl. Math. Letters, 25, 2012, 561-566.

F. Goebel, On a 1-1 correspondence between rooted trees and natural numbers, J. Combin. Theory, B 29 (1980), 141-143.

I. Gutman and A. Ivic, On Matula numbers, Discrete Math., 150, 1996, 131-142.

I. Gutman and Y-N. Yeh, Deducing properties of trees from their Matula numbers, Publ. Inst. Math., 53 (67), 1993, 17-22.

D. W. Matula, A natural rooted tree enumeration by prime factorization, SIAM Review, 10, 1968, 273.

E. Deutsch, Rooted tree statistics from Matula numbers, Discrete Applied Math., 160, 2012, 2314-2322.

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=2..100.

E. Deutsch, Rooted tree statistics from Matula numbers, arXiv1111.4288.

A. Ilic, Note on the harmonic index of a graph, arXiv1204.3313.

Index entries for sequences related to Matula-Goebel numbers

Formula

There are recurrence relations that give the harmonic index of an "elevated" rooted tree (attach a new vertex to the root which becomes the root of the new tree) and of the merge of two rooted trees (identify the two roots). They make use of the sequence of the degrees of the level-1 vertices (denoted by DL in the Maple program).

In the Maple program, F(n) gives the actual (not rounded) harmonic index of the rooted tree with Matula number n. For example, F(987654321) = 807/70; the corresponding tree is the 29-vertex tree given in Fig. 2 of the Deutsch reference.

Example

a(5)=2; indeed the rooted tree with Matula number 5 is the path PQRS (rooted at P). The edges PQ and RS have endpoints of degrees 1 and 2 and the edge QR has endpoints  of degrees 2 and 2; consequently, the contributions of these 3 edges to the harmonic index are 2/3, 2/3, and 1/2, respectively; the harmonic index is 4/3 + 1/2 = 11/6 = 1.8333.
G.f. = x^2 + x^3 + x^4 + 2*x^5 + 2*x^6 + 2*x^7 + 2*x^8 + 2*x^9 + 2*x^10 + ...

Maple

f := proc (x, y) options operator, arrow: 2/(x+y) end proc: c := 1: with(numtheory): F := proc (n) local DL, r, s: DL := proc (n) if n = 2 then [1] elif bigomega(n) = 1 then [1+bigomega(pi(n))] else [op(DL(op(1, factorset(n)))), op(DL(n/op(1, factorset(n))))] end if end proc; r := proc (n) options operator, arrow: op(1, factorset(n)) end proc: s := proc (n) options operator, arrow: n/r(n) end proc: if n = 2 then c elif bigomega(n) = 1 then F(pi(n))-(sum(f(DL(pi(n))[j], bigomega(pi(n))), j = 1 .. bigomega(pi(n))))+sum(f(DL(pi(n))[j], 1+bigomega(pi(n))), j = 1 .. bigomega(pi(n)))+f(1, 1+bigomega(pi(n))) else F(r(n))+F(s(n))-(sum(f(DL(r(n))[j], bigomega(r(n))), j = 1 .. bigomega(r(n))))-(sum(f(DL(s(n))[j], bigomega(s(n))), j = 1 .. bigomega(s(n))))+sum(f(DL(r(n))[j], bigomega(n)), j = 1 .. bigomega(r(n)))+sum(f(DL(s(n))[j], bigomega(n)), j = 1 .. bigomega(s(n))) end if end proc: seq(round(F(n)), n = 2 .. 100);

Crossrefs

Sequence in context: A339172 A036450 A227533 * A235125 A238418 A085576

Adjacent sequences: A235121 A235122 A235123 * A235125 A235126 A235127

Keyword

nonn

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Feb 26 2014

Status

approved