OFFSET
0,8
COMMENTS
The members of B(n) are paths of weight n that start at (0,0), end on but never go below the horizontal axis, and whose steps are of the following four kinds: an (1,0)-step with weight 1, an (1,0)-step with weight 2, a (1,1)-step with weight 2, and a (1,-1)-step with weight 1. The weight of a path is the sum of the weights of its steps. A valley is a (1,-1)-step followed by a (1,1)-step.
REFERENCES
M. Bona and A. Knopfmacher, On the probability that certain compositions have the same number of parts, Ann. Comb., 14 (2010), 291-306.
FORMULA
a(n) = Sum(k*A182900(n,k), k>=0).
G.f.: G:=z^6*g^4/(1-z^3*g^2), where g=g(z) satisfies g=1+zg+z^2*g+z^3*g^2.
Conjecture D-finite with recurrence -3*(n+3)*(n-6)*a(n) +(n+1)*(7*n-34)*a(n-1) +2*(5*n+26)*a(n-2) +(7*n^2-39*n+16)*a(n-3) +4*(-n^2+5*n+2)*a(n-4) +(3*n^2-29*n+64)*a(n-5) -(n-4)*(n-7)*a(n-6)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Jul 22 2022
EXAMPLE
a(7) = 4. Indeed, denoting by h (H) the (1,0)-step of weight 1 (2), and U = (1,1), D = (1,-1), among the 82 paths in B(7) only hUDUD, UDUDh, UDUhD, and UhDUD have valleys (1 in each).
MAPLE
eq := g = 1+z*g+z^2*g+z^3*g^2: g := RootOf(eq, g): gser := series(z^6*g^4/(1-z^3*g^2), z = 0, 35): seq(coeff(gser, z, n), n = 0 .. 32);
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Emeric Deutsch, Dec 15 2010
STATUS
approved