A118383 Unrefined Orloj clock sequences; row n sums to n.

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 1, 4, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 2, 3

Offset

1,5

Comments

An Orloj clock sequence is a finite sequence of positive integers that, when iterated, can be grouped so that the groups sum to successive natural numbers. There is one unrefined sequence whose values sum to each n; all other Orloj clock sequences summing to n can be obtained by refining this one. Refining means splitting one or more terms into values summing to that term. (The unrefined sequence for n = 2^k*(2m-1) is the sequence for 2m-1 repeated 2^k times, but any single refinement - possible unless m = 1 - will produce an aperiodic sequence summing to n.) The Orloj clock sequence is the one summing to 15: 1,2,3,4,3,2, with a beautiful up and down pattern.

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=1..105.

Wikipedia, Prague astronomical clock

Formula

Let b(i),0<=i<k be all the residues of triangular numbers modulo n in order, with b(k)=n. The differences b(i+1)-b(i) are the sequence for n. The sequence for 2n is the sequence for n repeated.

Example

For a sum of 5, we have 1,2,2, which groups as 1, 2, 2+1, 2+2, 1+2+2, 1+2+2+1, .... This could be refined by splitting the second 2, to give the sequence 1,2,1,1; note that when this is grouped, the two 1's from the refinement always wind up in the same sum.
The array starts:
1;
1, 1;
1, 2;
1, 1, 1, 1;
1, 2, 2;
1, 2, 1, 2;
1, 2, 3, 1.

Prog

(PARI) {Orloj(n) = my(found, tri, i, last, r); found = vector(n, i, 0); found[n] = 1; tri = 0; for(i = 1, if(n%2==0, n-1, n\2), tri += i; if(tri > n, tri -= n); found[tri] = 1); last = 0; r = []; for(i = 1, n, if(found[i], r = concat(r, [i-last]); last = i)); r}
for (n=1, 10, print(Orloj(n)))

Crossrefs

Cf. A028355, A118382.

Length of row n is A117484(n).

Sequence in context: A329037 A279794 A025900 * A115766 A108339 A138559

Adjacent sequences: A118380 A118381 A118382 * A118384 A118385 A118386

Keyword

nonn,tabf

Author

Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Apr 26 2006

Status

approved