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A064078
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Zsigmondy numbers for a = 2, b = 1: Zs(n, 2, 1) is the greatest divisor of 2^n - 1 (A000225) that is coprime to 2^m - 1 for all positive integers m < n.
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25
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1, 3, 7, 5, 31, 1, 127, 17, 73, 11, 2047, 13, 8191, 43, 151, 257, 131071, 19, 524287, 41, 337, 683, 8388607, 241, 1082401, 2731, 262657, 3277, 536870911, 331, 2147483647, 65537, 599479, 43691, 8727391, 4033, 137438953471, 174763, 9588151, 61681
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OFFSET
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1,2
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COMMENTS
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By Zsigmondy's theorem, the n-th Zsigmondy number for bases a and b is not 1 except in the three cases (1) a = 2, b = 1, n = 1, (2) a = 2, b = 1, n = 6, (3) n = 2 and a + b is a power of 2.
Composite terms are the maximal overpseudoprimes to base 2 (see A141232) for which the multiplicative order of 2 mod a(n) equals n. - Vladimir Shevelev, Aug 26 2008
a(n) = 2^n - 1 if and only if either n = 1 or n is prime. - Vladimir Shevelev, Sep 30 2008
If n is odd, then the prime factors of a(n) are congruent to {1,7} mod 8, that is, they have 2 has a quadratic residue, and are congruent to 1 mod 2n. If n is divisible by 8, then the prime factors of a(n) are congruent to 1 mod 16. - Jianing Song, Apr 13 2019
Named after the Austrian mathematician Karl Zsigmondy (1867-1925). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 20 2021
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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Denominator of Sum_{d|n} d*moebius(n/d)/(2^d-1). - Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 02 2004
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EXAMPLE
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a(4) = 5 because 2^4 - 1 = 15 and its divisors being 1, 3, 5, 15, only 1 and 5 are coprime to 2^2 - 1 = 3 and 2^3 - 1 = 7, and 5 is the greater of these.
a(5) = 31 because 2^5 - 1 = 31 is prime.
a(6) = 1 because 2^6 - 1 = 63 and its divisors being 1, 3, 7, 9, 21, 63, only 1 is coprime to all of 3, 7, 15, 31.
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MATHEMATICA
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Table[Cyclotomic[n, 2]/GCD[n, Cyclotomic[n, 2]], {n, 40}] (* Alonso del Arte, Mar 14 2013 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) a(n) = my(m = polcyclo(n, 2)); m/gcd(m, n); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 07 2015
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn
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AUTHOR
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EXTENSIONS
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STATUS
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approved
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