OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
Dimensions of homogeneous subspaces of shuffle algebra defined in the "Comments" line.
Let x and y be two letters, m and m' any two words, e is the empty word of the free monoid generated by (x,y). Let uu denote the shuffle or Hurwitz product: xm uu ym' =x.(m uu ym') + y.(xm uu m'); of course, e is neutral.
REFERENCES
M. Lothaire, Combinatorics on words, Cambridge mathematical library, 1983, p. 126 (definition of shuffle algebra).
FORMULA
For n>=2, a(n) = 2^n - A001037(n).
EXAMPLE
Degree 3: x uu x = 2 x^2, y uu y = 2 y^2, x uu y = xy + yx.
MATHEMATICA
a[n_] := 2^n - DivisorSum[n, MoebiusMu[n/#] * 2^# &] / n; a[0] = 1; a[1] = 2; Array[a, 33, 0] (* Amiram Eldar, Aug 13 2023 *)
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Claude Lenormand (claude.lenormand(AT)free.fr), Jan 03 2001
EXTENSIONS
Better description from Sharon Sela (sharonsela(AT)hotmail.com), Feb 19 2002
More terms from Max Alekseyev, Aug 24 2012
STATUS
approved