OFFSET
1,18
COMMENTS
Two color patterns are the same if the colors are permuted. A chiral cycle is different from its reverse.
Adnk[d,n,k] in Mathematica program is coefficient of x^k in A(d,n)(x) in Gilbert and Riordan reference.
LINKS
Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1275
E. N. Gilbert and J. Riordan, Symmetry types of periodic sequences, Illinois J. Math., 5 (1961), 657-665.
FORMULA
T(n,k) = (A152175(n,k) - A304972(n,k)) / 2 = A152175(n,k) - A152176(n,k) = A152176(n,k) - A304972(n,k).
T(n,k) = -Ach(n,k)/2 + (1/2n)*Sum_{d|n} phi(d)*A(d,n/d,k), where Ach(n,k) = [n>=0 & n<2 & n==k] + [n>1]*(k*Ach(n-2,k)+Ach(n-2,k-1)+Ach(n-2,k-2)) and A(d,n,k) = [n==0 & k==0] + [n>0 & k>0]*(k*A(d,n-1,k) + Sum_{j|d} A(d,n-1,k-j)).
EXAMPLE
The triangle begins with T(1,1):
0;
0, 0;
0, 0, 0;
0, 0, 0, 0;
0, 0, 0, 0, 0;
0, 0, 4, 2, 0, 0;
0, 1, 12, 17, 4, 0, 0;
0, 2, 44, 84, 51, 9, 0, 0;
0, 7, 137, 388, 339, 125, 15, 0, 0;
0, 12, 408, 1586, 2010, 1054, 258, 24, 0, 0;
0, 31, 1190, 6405, 10900, 7928, 2761, 490, 35, 0, 0;
0, 58, 3416, 24927, 56700, 54383, 25680, 6392, 859, 51, 0, 0;
0, 126, 9730, 96404, 286888, 356594, 218246, 72284, 13472, 1420, 68, 0, 0;
...
For T(6,3)=4, the chiral pairs are AAABBC-AAABCC, AABABC-AABCAC, AABACB-AABCAB, and AABACC-AABBAC.
For T(6,4)=2, the chiral pairs are AABACD-AABCAD and AABCBD-AABCDC.
MATHEMATICA
Ach[n_, k_] := Ach[n, k] = If[n<2, Boole[n==k && n>=0], k Ach[n-2, k] + Ach[n-2, k-1] + Ach[n-2, k-2]] (* A304972 *)
Adnk[d_, n_, k_] := Adnk[d, n, k] = If[n>0 && k>0, Adnk[d, n-1, k]k + DivisorSum[d, Adnk[d, n-1, k-#] &], Boole[n==0 && k==0]]
Table[DivisorSum[n, EulerPhi[#]Adnk[#, n/#, k]&]/(2n)-Ach[n, k]/2, {n, 12}, {k, n}] // Flatten
PROG
Ach(n)={my(M=matrix(n, n, i, k, i>=k)); for(i=3, n, for(k=2, n, M[i, k]=k*M[i-2, k] + M[i-2, k-1] + if(k>2, M[i-2, k-2]))); M}
R(n)={Mat(Col([Vecrev(p/y, n) | p<-Vec(intformal(sum(m=1, n, eulerphi(m) * subst(serlaplace(-1 + exp(sumdiv(m, d, y^d*(exp(d*x + O(x*x^(n\m)))-1)/d))), x, x^m))/x))]))}
T(n)={(R(n) - Ach(n))/2}
{ my(A=T(12)); for(n=1, #A, print(A[n, 1..n])) } \\ Andrew Howroyd, Sep 20 2019
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
AUTHOR
Robert A. Russell, Oct 18 2018
STATUS
approved