OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
The sequences A026317, A327136 and A327137 partition the nonnegative integers. - Clark Kimberling, Aug 23 2019
Requirement can be rewritten cos^2(k) > sin^2(k+1) => cos^2(k) > 1-cos^2(k+1) => cos^2(k+1) > 1-cos^2(k) => |cos(k+1)| > |sin(k)|. - R. J. Mathar, Sep 03 2019
These are also the numbers k such that sin(2k) < sin(2k+2).
Proof (Jean-Paul Allouche, Nov 14 2019):
cos^2(n) > sin^2(n+1) ;
Formulas for squares Abramowitz-Stegun 4.3.31 and 4.3.32:
1/2 + cos(2n)/2 > 1/2 - cos(2n+2) ;
cos(2n+2) + cos(2n) > 0 ;
Formulas for sums Abramowitz-Stegun 4.3.16 and 4.3.17:
cos(2n)*cos(2) - sin(2n)*sin(2) + cos(2n) > 0 ;
(1+cos(2))*cos(2n) > sin(2n)*sin 2;
Multiply both sides by 1-cos(2) which is >0:
(1-cos^2(2))*cos(2n) > (1-cos(2))*sin(2)*sin(2n) ;
sin^2(2)*cos(2n) > (1-cos(2))*sin(2)*sin(2n) ;
sin(2)*cos(2n) > (1-cos(2))*sin(2n) ;
(1-cos(2))*sin(2n) < cos(2n)*sin 2 ;
sin(2n) - sin(2n)*cos(2) < cos(2n)*sin(2);
sin(2n) < sin(2n)*cos(2)+cos(2n)*sin(2);
And backward application of Abramowitz-Stegun 4.3.16
sin(2n) < sin(2n+2) q.e.d.
Also nonnegative integers k such that cos(2k+1) > 0. Note that sin(2k+2) - sin(2k) = 2*cos(2k+1)*sin(1). - Jianing Song, Nov 16 2019
MATHEMATICA
Select[Range[0, 120], Abs[Cos[#]]>Abs[Sin[#+1]]&] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 04 2013 *)
PROG
(Magma) [k:k in [0..120]|Abs(Cos(k)) gt Abs(Sin(k+1))]; // Marius A. Burtea, Nov 14 2019
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
STATUS
approved