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A008611
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a(n) = a(n-3) + 1, with a(0)=a(2)=1, a(1)=0.
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43
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1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 5, 6, 7, 6, 7, 8, 7, 8, 9, 8, 9, 10, 9, 10, 11, 10, 11, 12, 11, 12, 13, 12, 13, 14, 13, 14, 15, 14, 15, 16, 15, 16, 17, 16, 17, 18, 17, 18, 19, 18, 19, 20, 19, 20, 21, 20, 21, 22, 21, 22, 23, 22, 23, 24, 23, 24, 25, 24, 25, 26, 25, 26, 27, 26, 27, 28
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OFFSET
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0,4
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COMMENTS
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Molien series of 2-dimensional representation of cyclic group of order 3 over GF(2).
One step back, two steps forward.
The crossing number of the graph C(n, {1,3}), n >= 8, is [n/3] + n mod 3, which gives this sequence starting at the first 4. [Yang Yuansheng et al.]
A Chebyshev transform of A078008. The g.f. is the image of (1-x)/(1-x-2x^2) (g.f. of A078008) under the Chebyshev transform A(x)-> 1/(1+x^2))A(x/(1+x^2)). - Paul Barry, Oct 15 2004
A047878 is an essentially identical sequence. - Anton Chupin, Oct 24 2009
Rhyme scheme of Dante Alighieri's "Divine Comedy." - David Gaita, Feb 11 2011
A194960 results from deleting the first four terms of A008611. Note that deleting the first term or first four terms of A008611 leaves a concatenation of segments (n, n+1, n+2); for related concatenations, see
A008619, (n,n+1) after deletion of first term;
A053737, (n,n+1,n+2,n+3) beginning with n=0;
It appears that a(n) is the number of roots of x^(n+1) + x + 1 inside the unit circle. - Michel Lagneau, Nov 02 2012
Also apparently for n >= 2: a(n) is the largest remainder r that results from dividing n+2 by 1..n+2 more than once, i.e., a(n) = max(i, A072528(n+2,i)>1). - Ralf Stephan, Oct 21 2013
Number of n-element subsets of [n+1] whose sum is a multiple of 3. a(4) = 1: {1,2,4,5}. - Alois P. Heinz, Feb 06 2017
It appears that a(n) is the number of roots of the Fibonacci polynomial F(n+2,x) strictly inside the unit circle of the complex plane. - Michel Lagneau, Apr 07 2017
For the proof of the preceding conjecture see my comments under A008615 and A049310. Chebyshev S(n,x) = i^n*F(n+1,-i*x), with i = sqrt(-1). - Wolfdieter Lang, May 06 2017
The sequence is the interleaving of three sequences: the positive integers (A000027), the nonnegative integers (A001477), and the positive integers, in that order. - Guenther Schrack, Nov 07 2020
a(n) is the least number of football games a team has to play to be able to get n-1 points, where a win is 3 points, a draw is 1 point, and a loss is 0 points. - Sigurd Kittilsen, Dec 01 2022
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REFERENCES
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D. J. Benson, Polynomial Invariants of Finite Groups, Cambridge, 1993, p. 103.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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a(n) = a(n-3) + 1.
a(n) = (n-1) - 2*floor((n-1)/3).
G.f.: (1 + x^2 + x^4)/(1 - x^3)^2.
After the initial term, has form {n, n+1, n+2} for n=0, 1, 2, ...
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^floor(2*(k-2)/3);
a(n) = 4*sqrt(3)*cos(2*Pi*n/3 + Pi/6)/9 + (n+1)/3. (End)
G.f.: (1 - x + x^2)/((1 + x + x^2)*(x-1)^2);
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-k, k)*A078008(n-2k)*(-1)^k. (End)
a(n) = -a(-2-n) for all n in Z.
Euler transform of length 6 sequence [0, 1, 2, 0, 0, -1]. - Michael Somos, Jan 23 2014
a(n) = (3*n + 3 + 2*(w^(2*n)*(1 - w) + w^n*(2 + w)))/9, where w = (-1 + sqrt(-3))/2, a primitive third root of unity;
a(n) = (2*n - A330396(n-1))/3. (End)
E.g.f.: (3*exp(x)*(1 + x) + exp(-x/2)*(6*cos(sqrt(3)*x/2) - 2*sqrt(3)*sin(sqrt(3)*x/2)))/9. - Stefano Spezia, May 06 2022
Sum_{n>=2} (-1)^n/a(n) = 3*log(2) - 1. - Amiram Eldar, Sep 10 2023
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EXAMPLE
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G.f. = 1 + x^2 + 2*x^3 + x^4 + 2*x^5 + 3*x^6 + 2*x^7 + 3*x^8 + 4*x^9 + ...
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MAPLE
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with(numtheory): for n from 1 to 70 do:it:=0:
y:=[fsolve(x^n+x+1, x, complex)] : for m from 1 to nops(y) do : if abs(y[m])< 1 then it:=it+1:else fi:od: printf(`%d, `, it):od:
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MATHEMATICA
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With[{nn=30}, Riffle[Riffle[Range[nn], Range[0, nn-1]], Range[nn], 3]] (* or *) RecurrenceTable[{a[0]==a[2]==1, a[1]==0, a[n]==a[n-3]+1}, a, {n, 90}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 06 2011 *)
a[ n_] := Quotient[n - 1, 3] + Mod[n + 2, 3]; (* Michael Somos, Jan 23 2014 *)
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PROG
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(Haskell)
a008611 n = n' + mod r 2 where (n', r) = divMod (n + 1) 3
a008611_list = f [1, 0, 1] where f xs = xs ++ f (map (+ 1) xs)
(PARI) {a(n) = (n-1) \ 3 + (n+2) % 3}; /* Michael Somos, Jan 23 2014 */
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CROSSREFS
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Cf. A000027, A001477, A008619, A047878, A049310, A049347, A053737, A053824, A058207, A058788, A072528, A078008, A194960, A257075, A330396.
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KEYWORD
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nonn,easy,nice
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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