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Template:Align
[⧼Purge⧽ Template:Align]
The {{align}} mathematical formatting template is used to either align operation symbols and/or relation symbols, e.g. equal signs, of equations on successive rows or to align decimal points of numbers on successive rows.
Contents
To get alignment you must use
- the "alignment mark" {{&}}, or {{&|htm}} (default), or {{&|tex}} (gives
padding-left: 0.25em;
in HTML+CSS);
- the "aligning equal sign" {{&=}}, or {{&=|htm}} (default), or {{&=|tex}} (gives
padding-left: 0.25em;
in HTML+CSS)
- the "aligning equal sign" {{&=}}, or {{&=|htm}} (default), or {{&=|tex}} (gives
- (this is for convenience, instead of using
{{&}}{{=}}
);
- the "aligning decimal point" {{&.}}, or {{&.|htm}} (default), or {{&.|tex}} (no padding-left in HTML+CSS);
and as the "row separator" you must use
- {{\\}}, or {{\\|htm}} (default), or {{\\|tex}}. (Do not put any at the end of the last line!)
Note: for decimal point alignment, using {{&}}.
will NOT do, since the {{&}}
"alignment mark" gives padding-left: 0.25em;
(which is suitable for operation symbols and for relation symbols).
Usage
To align operation symbols and/or relation symbols
{{align|begin}} lhs-1 {{&}}symbol rhs-1 {{\\}}<!-- No space before symbol! --> lhs-2 {{&}}symbol rhs-2 {{\\}}<!-- No space before symbol! --> ... lhs-k {{&}}symbol rhs-k <!-- Do NOT put {{\\}} at the end of the last line! --> {{align|end}}
or
{{align|begin}} lhs-1 {{&=}} rhs-1 {{\\}} lhs-2 {{&=}} rhs-2 {{\\}} ... lhs-k {{&=}} rhs-k <!-- Do NOT put {{\\}} at the end of the last line! --> {{align|end}}
and to align decimal points
{{align|begin}} integer part-1{{&.}}fractional part-1 {{\\}}<!-- No space before and after {{&.}}! --> integer part-2{{&.}}fractional part-2 {{\\}}<!-- No space before and after {{&.}}! --> ... integer part-k{{&.}}fractional part-k <!-- Do NOT put {{\\}} at the end of the last line! --> {{align|end}}
{{begin}} and {{end}} LaTeX style environment templates
You may also use the {{begin}} and {{end}} LaTeX style environment templates, e.g.
{{begin|align}} integer part-1{{&.}}fractional part-1 {{\\}}<!-- No space before and after {{&.}}! --> integer part-2{{&.}}fractional part-2 {{\\}}<!-- No space before and after {{&.}}! --> ... integer part-k{{&.}}fractional part-k <!-- Do NOT put {{\\}} at the end of the last line! --> {{end|align}}
Examples
Maxwell’s equations[1] (as differential equations)
The code
{{indent}}{{math| {{align|begin}} {{op|curl}}{{vec|B|b}} {{op|-}} {{frac|1|''c''|HTM}}{{sp|3}}{{partial|{{vec|E|b}}|''t''|HTM}} {{&=}} {{frac|4{{Gr|pi}}|''c''|HTM}}{{sp|3}}{{vec|J|b}} {{\\}} {{op|divergence}}{{vec|E|b}} {{&=}} 4{{Gr|pi}}{{sp|3}}''{{Gr|rho}}'' {{\\}} {{op|curl}}{{vec|E|b}} {{op|+}} {{frac|1|''c''|HTM}}{{sp|3}}{{partial|{{vec|B|b}}|''t''|HTM}} {{&=}} {{vec|0|b}} {{\\}} {{op|divergence}}{{vec|B|b}} {{&=}} 0 {{align|end}} |tex = {{align|begin|tex}} {{op|curl|tex}}{{vec|B|b|tex}} - {{frac|1|''c''|TEX}} {{partial|{{vec|E|b|tex}}|''t''|TEX}} {{&=|tex}} {{frac|4{{Gr|pi|tex}}|''c''|TEX}} {{vec|J|b|tex}} {{\\|tex}} {{op|divergence|tex}}{{vec|E|b|tex}} {{&=|tex}} 4{{Gr|pi|tex}} ''{{Gr|rho|tex}}'' {{\\|tex}} {{op|curl|tex}}{{vec|E|b|tex}} + {{frac|1|''c''|TEX}} {{partial|{{vec|B|b|tex}}|''t''|TEX}} {{&=|tex}} {{vec|0|b|tex}} {{\\|tex}} {{op|divergence|tex}}{{vec|B|b|tex}} {{&=|tex}} 0 {{align|end|tex}} |&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS (with the &&
option):
|
or yields the display style LaTeX (with the $$
option):
Maxwell’s equations (integral form)
The code
{{indent}}{{math| {{align|begin}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial}}''V''||{{vec|E|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} <!-- -->{{frac|1|''{{Gr|epsilon}}''{{sub|0}}|HTM}} {{iiint|''V''||''{{Gr|rho}}''{{sp|3}}{{d|''V''}}|HTM}} {{\\}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial}}''V''||{{vec|B|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} 0 {{\\}} {{oint|{{sym|partial}}''S''||{{vec|E|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|x|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} {{op|-}}{{iint|''S''||{{partial|{{vec|B|b}}|''t''|HTM}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{\\}} {{oint|{{sym|partial}}''S''||{{vec|B|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|x|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} <!-- -->{{iint|''S''||{{(|''{{Gr|mu}}''{{sub|0}}{{sp|1}}{{vec|J|b}} + {{frac|1|''c''{{^|2}}|HTM}} {{partial|{{vec|E|b}}|''t''|HTM}}|)|Big}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{align|end}} |&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS
Error: String exceeds 10,000 character limit. |
The code (broken in three calls to {{math}} to avoid the pesky 10,000 character limit for template arguments)
{{indent}}{{math| {{align|begin}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial}}''V''||{{vec|E|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} <!-- -->{{frac|1|''{{Gr|epsilon}}''{{sub|0}}|HTM}} {{iiint|''V''||''{{Gr|rho}}''{{sp|3}}{{d|''V''}}|HTM}} {{\\}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial}}''V''||{{vec|B|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} 0 {{\\}} {{align|end}} |&&}}{{clear}} {{indent}}{{nbsp|3}}{{math| {{oint|{{sym|partial}}''S''||{{vec|E|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|x|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} {{op|-}}{{iint|''S''||{{partial|{{vec|B|b}}|''t''|HTM}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} |&&}}{{clear}} {{indent}}{{nbsp|3}}{{math| {{oint|{{sym|partial}}''S''||{{vec|B|b}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|x|b}}}}|HTM}} {{&=}} <!-- -->{{iint|''S''||{{(|''{{Gr|mu}}''{{sub|0}}{{sp|1}}{{vec|J|b}} + {{frac|1|''c''{{^|2}}|HTM}} {{partial|{{vec|E|b}}|''t''|HTM}}|)|Big}}{{op|sdot}}{{d|{{vec|S|b}}}}|HTM}} |&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS
|
| = −
|
| =
|
The code
{{indent}}{{math| {{align|begin|tex}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial|tex}}''V''||{{vec|E|b|tex}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|S|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{&=|tex}} <!-- -->{{frac|1|''{{Gr|epsilon|tex}}''{{sub|0|tex}}|tex}} {{iiint|''V''||''{{Gr|rho|tex}}''{{sp|3|tex}}{{d|''V''|tex}}|TEX}} {{\\|tex}} {{oiint|{{sym|partial|tex}}''V''||{{vec|B|b|tex}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|S|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{&=|tex}} 0 {{\\|tex}} {{oint|{{sym|partial|tex}}''S''||{{vec|E|b|tex}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|x|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{&=|tex}} <!-- -->{{op|-}}{{iint|''S''||{{partial|{{vec|B|b|tex}}|''t''|TEX}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|S|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{\\|tex}} {{oint|{{sym|partial|tex}}''S''||{{vec|B|b|tex}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|x|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{&=|tex}} <!-- -->{{iint|''S''||{{(|''{{Gr|mu|tex}}''{{sub|0|tex}}{{sp|1|tex}}{{vec|J|b|tex}} + {{frac|1|''c''{{^|2|tex}}|tex}} <!-- -->{{partial|{{vec|E|b|tex}}|''t''|TEX}}|)|Big|tex}}{{op|sdot|tex}}{{d|{{vec|S|b|tex}}|tex}}|TEX}} {{align|end|tex}} |$$}}
yields the display style LaTeX
Decimal point alignment
The code
{{indent}}{{math| {{align|begin}} 123{{&.}}45678 {{\\}} 1{{&.}}2345678 {{\\}} 123456{{&.}}78 {{align|end}} |&&}}
yields the display style HTML+CSS
|
The code
{{indent}}{{math| {{align|begin|tex}} 123{{&.|tex}}45678 \\ 1{{&.|tex}}2345678 \\ 123456{{&.|tex}}78 {{align|end|tex}} |$$}}
yields the display style LaTeX