A322144 a(n) = Sum_{i=1..phi(n)-1} (r(i+1)-r(i))^2 where r(1) = 1 < ... < n-1 = r(phi(n)) are the phi(n) integers relatively prime to n.

0, 0, 1, 4, 3, 16, 5, 12, 11, 24, 9, 36, 11, 32, 29, 28, 15, 56, 17, 52, 39, 48, 21, 76, 31, 56, 41, 68, 27, 128, 29, 60, 59, 72, 57, 116, 35, 80, 69, 108, 39, 168, 41, 100, 95, 96, 45, 156, 59, 136, 89, 116, 51, 176, 85, 140, 99, 120, 57, 260, 59, 128, 125, 124, 99

Offset

1,4

Links

David A. Corneth, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Paul Erdos, Some Unconventional Problems in Number Theory, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 52, No. 2, Mar., 1979, pp. 67-70. See Problem 12. p. 70.

Formula

a(p) = p-2, for p prime.

a(k^2 * m) = k * a(k * m) + 4 * (k - 1). - David A. Corneth, Nov 28 2018

Example

a(1) and a(2) are 0, since we have an empty sum.
For a(3), the integers < 3, coprime to 3, are 1 and 2, so a(3) = (2-1)^2 = 1.

Mathematica

a[n_] := Total[Differences[Select[Range[n], GCD[n, #]==1 &]]^2]; Array[a, 50] (* Amiram Eldar, Nov 28 2018 *)

Prog

(PARI) a(n) = {v = select(x->gcd(x, n)==1, vector(n, k, k)); sum(i=1, #v-1, (v[i+1] - v[i])^2); }
(PARI) a(n) = {my(res = 0, io = 1, in = 2); while(in < n, while(gcd(in, n) > 1, in++); res += (in - io)^2; io = in; in++); res}
first(n) = {my(res = vector(n)); for(i = 1, n, c = factorback(factor(i)[, 1]); if(c == i, res[i] = a(i), res[i] = res[c] * (i / c) + 4 * (i / c - 1))); res } \\ David A. Corneth, Nov 28 2018

Crossrefs

Cf. A000010 (phi), A038566 (rows of r).

Cf. A040976 (prime(n)-2), A132952 (isolated totatives).

Sequence in context: A348061 A270908 A269781 * A272580 A065679 A223925

Adjacent sequences: A322141 A322142 A322143 * A322145 A322146 A322147

Keyword

nonn

Author

Michel Marcus, Nov 28 2018

Status

approved