A247470 Number of weak peaks in all weighted lattice paths in B(n).

0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 14, 43, 123, 337, 898, 2349, 6072, 15577, 39776, 101304, 257689, 655279, 1666772, 4242354, 10807191, 27557720, 70342486, 179736541, 459714008, 1176937542, 3015862454, 7734617111, 19852352861, 50992757233, 131071123062, 337122433947, 867624835207, 2234205069696

Offset

0,5

Comments

B(n) is the set of lattice paths of weight n that start in (0,0), end on the horizontal axis and never go below this axis, whose steps are of the following four kinds: h = (1,0) of weight 1, H = (1,0) of weight 2, u = (1,1) of weight 2, and d = (1,-1) of weight 1. The weight of a path is the sum of the weights of its steps.

A weak peak in a lattice path is a vertex on the top of a hump. A hump is an upstep followed by 0 or more flatsteps followed by a downstep. For example, the weighted lattice path Hu*duu*h*H*dd has 4 weak peaks (shown by the stars).

a(n) = Sum(k*A247469(n,k), k>=0).

Links

Table of n, a(n) for n=0..32.

M. Bona and A. Knopfmacher, On the probability that certain compositions have the same number of parts, Ann. Comb., 14 (2010), 291-306.

Formula

G.f. G = z^3*g/((1 - z - z^2)^2*(1 - z - z^2 - 2*z^3*g)), where g = 1 + z*g + z^2*g + z^3*g^2.

Example

a(4) = 4  because B(4) = {hhhh, hhH, hHh, Hhh, HH, hu*d, u*h*d, u*dh} (weak peaks shown by *).

Maple

G := z^3*g/((1-z-z^2)^2*(1-z-z^2-2*z^3*g)): eq := g = 1+z*g+z^2*g+z^3*g^2: g := RootOf(eq, g): Gser := series(G, z = 0, 35): seq(coeff(Gser, z, n), n = 0 .. 32);

Crossrefs

Cf. A247469

Sequence in context: A135483 A095377 A296253 * A049539 A037528 A292718

Adjacent sequences: A247467 A247468 A247469 * A247471 A247472 A247473

Keyword

nonn

Author

Emeric Deutsch, Sep 17 2014

Status

approved