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A196330
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Smallest number k such that the number of distinct residues of x^k (mod k) equals n.
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0
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1, 2, 3, 6, 5, 10, 7, 14, 21, 68, 11, 22, 13, 26, 15, 114, 17, 34, 19, 38, 57, 164, 23, 46, 2525, 776, 657, 212, 29, 58, 31, 62, 33, 4112, 35, 102, 37, 74, 111, 380, 41, 82, 43, 86, 105, 356, 47, 94, 301, 388, 51, 404, 53, 106, 6275, 182, 1467, 452, 59, 118
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OFFSET
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1,2
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COMMENTS
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The values of x can be taken to be 1 to n.
Properties of the sequence: if n prime, a(n) = n and a(n+1) = 2n because x^n == 0,1,2,3,...,n-1 (mod n) and x^(2n) == 0, 1^2, 2^2, 3^2,...,(n-1)^2, n (mod 2n) with n+1 distinct residues.
There exists prime numbers, for example n = 7, 19, 37,... with the property: a(n) = n, a(n+1) = 2n, and a(n+2) = 3n.
There exists composite numbers, for example n = 15, 33, 35, 51,... with the property a(n) = n.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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EXAMPLE
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a(6) = 10 because x^10 == 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 (mod 10) => 6 distinct residues.
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MAPLE
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a:= nops ({seq (k&^n mod n, k=0..n-1)}):for i from 1 to 60 do:id:=0:for j from 1 to 10000 while(id=0) do:if a(j)=i then id:=1:printf ( "%d %d \n", i, j):else fi:od:od:
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MATHEMATICA
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nn = 10000; t = Table[Length[Union[PowerMod[Range[n], n, n]]], {n, nn}]; lim = Complement[Range[nn], Union[t]][[1]] - 1; Table[Position[t, n, 1, 1][[1, 1]], {n, lim}] (* T. D. Noe, Oct 03 2011 *)
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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nonn
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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