OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
A root subtree of a rooted tree T is a subtree of T containing the root.
Also number of antichains in the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number n. (The vertices of a rooted tree can be regarded as a partially ordered set, where u<=v holds for two vertices u and v if and only if u lies on the unique path between v and the root; an antichain is a nonempty set of mutually incomparable vertices). Example: a(5)=4 because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 5 is a path ABCD and the only antichains are the 1-element subsets of {A,B,C,D}.
There is a simple bijection between the root subtrees and the antichains of a rooted tree: the leaves of a root subtree form an antichain (supplied by Stephan Wagner).
The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree can be defined in the following recursive manner: to the one-vertex tree there corresponds the number 1; to a tree T with root degree 1 there corresponds the t-th prime number, where t is the Matula-Goebel number of the tree obtained from T by deleting the edge emanating from the root; to a tree T with root degree m>=2 there corresponds the product of the Matula-Goebel numbers of the m branches of T.
LINKS
Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
É. Czabarka, L. Székely, and S. Wagner, The inverse problem for certain tree parameters, Discrete Appl. Math., 157, 2009, 3314-3319.
Emeric Deutsch, Tree statistics from Matula numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1111.4288 [math.CO], 2011.
F. Goebel, On a 1-1-correspondence between rooted trees and natural numbers, J. Combin. Theory, B 29 (1980), 141-143.
I. Gutman and A. Ivic, On Matula numbers, Discrete Math., 150, 1996, 131-142.
I. Gutman and Yeong-Nan Yeh, Deducing properties of trees from their Matula numbers, Publ. Inst. Math., 53 (67), 1993, 17-22.
D. W. Matula, A natural rooted tree enumeration by prime factorization, SIAM Rev. 10 (1968) 273.
FORMULA
a(1)=1; if n=prime(t), then a(n)=1+a(t); if n=r*s (r,s,>=2), then a(n)=a(r)a(s). The Maple program is based on this recursive formula.
Completely multiplicative with a(prime(t)) = 1 + a(t). - Andrew Howroyd, Aug 01 2018
EXAMPLE
a(2^m) = 2^m because the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number 2^m is a star with m edges (each edge can be included or not in the subtree).
MAPLE
with(numtheory): a := proc (n) local r, s: r := proc (n) options operator, arrow: op(1, factorset(n)) end proc: s := proc (n) options operator, arrow: n/r(n) end proc: if n = 1 then 1 elif bigomega(n) = 1 then 1+a(pi(n)) else a(r(n))*a(s(n)) end if end proc: seq(a(n), n = 1 .. 85);
MATHEMATICA
a[1] = 1; a[p_?PrimeQ] := a[p] = 1+a[PrimePi[p]]; a[n_] := a[n] = With[{f = FactorInteger[n]}, Times @@ ((a /@ f[[All, 1]])^f[[All, 2]])]; Array[a, 100] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 03 2017 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n)={my(f=factor(n)); prod(i=1, #f~, my([p, e]=f[i, ]); (1 + a(primepi(p)))^e)} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Aug 01 2018
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,mult
AUTHOR
Emeric Deutsch, Oct 19 2011
STATUS
approved