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A113025
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Triangle of integer coefficients of polynomials P(n,x) of degree n, and falling powers of x, arising in diagonal Padé approximation of exp(x).
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6
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1, 1, 2, 1, 6, 12, 1, 12, 60, 120, 1, 20, 180, 840, 1680, 1, 30, 420, 3360, 15120, 30240, 1, 42, 840, 10080, 75600, 332640, 665280, 1, 56, 1512, 25200, 277200, 1995840, 8648640, 17297280, 1, 72, 2520, 55440, 831600, 8648640, 60540480, 259459200
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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exp(x) is well approximated by P(n,x)/P(n,-x). (P(n,1)/P(n,-1))_{n>=0} is a sequence of convergents to e: i.e., P(n,1) = A001517(n) and P(n,-1) = abs(A002119(n)).
The row polynomials in rising powers of x are y_n(2*x) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n+k, 2*k)*((2*k)!/k!)*x^k, for n >= 0, with the Bessel polynomials y_n(x) of Krall and Frink, eq. (3), (see also Grosswald,p. 18, eq. (7) and Riordan, p. 77. For the coefficients see A001498. [Edited by Wolfdieter Lang, May 11 2018]
P(n, x) = Sum_{k=0..n} (n+k)!/(k!*(n-k)!)*x^(n-k).
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REFERENCES
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J. Riordan, Combinatorial Identities, Wiley, 1968, p.77, 10. [From Roger L. Bagula, Feb 15 2009]
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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T(n, k) = binomial(n+k, 2*k)*(2*k)!/k! = (n+k)!/((n-k)!*k!), n >= 0, k = 0..n. (see the R. L. Baluga comment above).
Recurrence (adapted from A001498, see the Grosswald reference): For n >= 0, k = 0..n: a(n, k) = 0 for n < k (zeros not shown in the triangle), a(n, -1) = 0, a(0, 0) = 1 = a(1, 0) and otherwise a(n, k) = 2*(2*n-1)*a(n-1, k-1) + a(n-2, k).
(End)
T(n, k) = Pochhammer(n+1, k)*binomial(n, k). # Peter Luschny, May 11 2018
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EXAMPLE
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P(3,x) = x^3 + 12*x^2 + 60*x + 120.
y_3(2*x) = 1 + 12*x + 60*x^2 + 120*x^3. (Bessel with x -> 2*x).
{1},
{1, 2},
{1, 6, 12},
{1, 12, 60, 120},
{1, 20, 180, 840, 1680},
{1, 30, 420, 3360, 15120, 30240},
{1, 42, 840, 10080, 75600, 332640, 665280},
{1, 56, 1512, 25200, 277200, 1995840, 8648640, 17297280},
{1, 72, 2520, 55440, 831600, 8648640, 60540480, 259459200, 518918400},
{1, 90, 3960, 110880, 2162160, 30270240, 302702400, 2075673600, 8821612800, 17643225600},
{1, 110, 5940, 205920, 5045040, 90810720, 1210809600, 11762150400, 79394515200, 335221286400, 670442572800} (End)
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MAPLE
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T := (n, k) -> pochhammer(n+1, k)*binomial(n, k):
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MATHEMATICA
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L[n_, m_] = (n + m)!/((n - m)!*m!);
Table[Table[L[n, m], {m, 0, n}], {n, 0, 10}];
P[x_, n_] := Sum[ (2*n - k)!/(k!*(n - k)!)*x^(k), {k, 0, n}]; Table[Reverse[CoefficientList[P[x, n], x]], {n, 0, 10}] // Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Aug 15 2017 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) T(n, k)=(n+k)!/k!/(n-k)!
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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