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Hard numbers: a(n) = smallest positive number m with f(m) = n, where f(m) is the smallest number of digits that are needed to construct m using only 1's, 2's and any number of +, -, *, ^ signs, not allowing concatenation of the digits.
3

%I #20 Nov 06 2022 22:25:43

%S 1,3,5,7,13,21,41,91,269,419,921,2983,8519,18859,53611,136631,436341

%N Hard numbers: a(n) = smallest positive number m with f(m) = n, where f(m) is the smallest number of digits that are needed to construct m using only 1's, 2's and any number of +, -, *, ^ signs, not allowing concatenation of the digits.

%C It seems that to obtain this sequence we need to impose the additional rule that x-y is allowed only when x-y > 0.

%C This is not correct. See the comment at A099053. - _Franklin T. Adams-Watters_, Feb 14 2013

%D C. A. Pickover, "Wonders of Numbers", Chapter 78, 'Creator Numbers', Oxford University Press, NY, 2001. pp. 187-189, 343-345.

%D Ken Shirriff, University of California, personal communication.

%H Sean A. Irvine, <a href="https://github.com/archmageirvine/joeis/blob/master/src/irvine/oeis/a060/A060274.java">Java program</a> (github)

%H C. A. Pickover, "Wonders of Numbers, Adventures in Mathematics, Mind and Meaning," <a href="http://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/search/?q=an:0983.00008&amp;format=complete">Zentralblatt review</a>

%H <a href="/index/Com#complexity">Index to sequences related to the complexity of n</a>

%e a(11) = 921 because this is the smallest number that requires 11 digits for its expression.

%Y The sequence f(n) is given in A099053. Cf. A060273.

%K nonn

%O 1,2

%A _Jason Earls_, Mar 22 2001

%E Entry revised by Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org), Apr 26 2001

%E Entry improved by comments from Tim Peters (tim.one(AT)comcast.net), Nov 14 2004

%E a(17) from _Sean A. Irvine_, Nov 06 2022