A026780 - OEIS

%I #39 Apr 19 2020 07:39:54

%S 1,1,1,1,3,1,1,5,4,1,1,7,12,5,1,1,9,24,17,6,1,1,11,40,53,23,7,1,1,13,

%T 60,117,76,30,8,1,1,15,84,217,246,106,38,9,1,1,17,112,361,580,352,144,

%U 47,10,1,1,19,144,557,1158,1178,496,191,57,11,1

%N Triangular array T read by rows: T(n,0)=T(n,n)=1 for n >= 0; for n >= 2 and 1 <= k <= n-1, T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-2,k-1) + T(n-1,k) if 1 <= k <= floor(n/2), else T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k).

%C T(n,k) is the number of paths from (0,0) to (k,n-k) in the directed graph having vertices (i,j) and edges (i,j)-to-(i+1,j) and (i,j)-to-(i,j+1) for i,j>= 0 and edges (i,i+h)-to-(i+1,i+h+1) for i>=0, h>=0.

%C Also, square array R read by antidiagonals with R(i,j) = T(i+j,i) equal number of paths from (0,0) to (i,j). - _Max Alekseyev_, Jan 13 2015

%H G. C. Greubel, <a href="/A026780/b026780.txt">Rows n = 0..100 of triangle, flattened</a>

%H M. A. Alekseyev, <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.06158">On Enumeration of Dyck-Schroeder Paths</a>, Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing 106 (2018), 59-68; arXiv:1601.06158 [math.CO], 2016-2018.

%F For n>=2*k, T(n,k) = coefficient of x^k in F(x)*S(x)^(n-2*k). For n<=2*k, T(n,k) = coefficient of x^(n-k) in F(x)*C(x)^(2*k-n). Here C(x) = (1 - sqrt(1-4x))/(2*x) is o.g.f. for A000108, S(x) = (1 - x - sqrt(1-6*x+x^2))/(2*x) is o.g.f. for A006318, and F(x) = S(x)/(1 - x*C(x)*S(x)) is o.g.f. for A026781. - _Max Alekseyev_, Jan 13 2015

%e The array T(n,k) starts with:

%e n=0: 1;

%e n=1: 1,  1;

%e n=2: 1,  3,  1;

%e n=3: 1,  5,  4,  1;

%e n=4: 1,  7, 12,  5,  1;

%e n=5: 1,  9, 24, 17,  6, 1;

%e n=6: 1, 11, 40, 53, 23, 7, 1;

%e ...

%p T:= proc(n,k) option remember;

%p     if n<0 then 0;

%p     elif k=0 or k =n then 1;

%p     elif k <= n/2 then

%p         procname(n-1,k-1)+procname(n-2,k-1)+procname(n-1,k) ;

%p     else

%p         procname(n-1,k-1)+procname(n-1,k) ;

%p     fi ;

%p end proc:

%p seq(seq(T(n,k), k=0..n), n=0..12); # _G. C. Greubel_, Nov 01 2019

%t T[n_, k_]:= T[n, k]= If[n<0, 0, If[k==0 || k==n, 1, If[k<=n/2, T[n-1, k-1] + T[n-2, k-1] + T[n-1, k], T[n-1, k-1] + T[n-1, k] ]]];

%t Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}]//Flatten (* _G. C. Greubel_, Nov 01 2019 *)

%o (PARI) T(n,k) = if(n<0, 0, if(k==0 || k==n, 1, if( k<=n/2, T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-2,k-1) + T(n-1,k), T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k) ));)

%o for(n=0,12, for(k=0,n, print1(T(n,k), ", "))) \\ _G. C. Greubel_, Oct 31 2019

%o (Sage)

%o @CachedFunction

%o def T(n, k):

%o     if (n<0): return 0

%o     elif (k==0 or k==n): return 1

%o     elif (k<=n/2): return T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-2,k-1) + T(n-1,k)

%o     else: return T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k)

%o [[T(n, k) for k in (0..n)] for n in (0..12)] # _G. C. Greubel_, Oct 31 2019

%o (GAP)

%o T:= function(n,k)

%o     if n<0 then return 0;

%o     elif k=0 or k=n then return 1;

%o     elif (k <= Int(n/2)) then return T(n-1,k-1)+T(n-2,k-1) +T(n-1,k);

%o     else return T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k);

%o     fi;

%o   end;

%o Flat(List([0..12], n-> List([0..n], k-> T(n,k) ))); # _G. C. Greubel_, Oct 31 2019

%Y Cf. A026787 (row sums),  A026781 (center elements), A249488 (row-reversed version).

%Y Cf. A026782, A026783, A026784, A026785, A026786, A026787, A026788, A026789, A026790.

%K nonn,tabl

%O 0,5

%A _Clark Kimberling_

%E Edited by _Max Alekseyev_, Dec 02 2015