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A298673
Inverse matrix of A135494.
1
1, 1, 1, 4, 3, 1, 26, 19, 6, 1, 236, 170, 55, 10, 1, 2752, 1966, 645, 125, 15, 1, 39208, 27860, 9226, 1855, 245, 21, 1, 660032, 467244, 155764, 32081, 4480, 434, 28, 1, 12818912, 9049584, 3031876, 635124, 92001, 9576, 714, 36, 1, 282137824, 198754016, 66845340, 14180440, 2108085, 230097, 18690, 1110, 45, 1
OFFSET
1,4
COMMENTS
Since this is the inverse matrix of A135494 with row polynomials q_n(t), first introduced in that entry by R. J. Mathar, and the row polynomials p_n(t) of this entry are a binomial Sheffer polynomial sequence, the row polynomials of the inverse pair are umbral compositional inverses, i.e., p_n(q.(t)) = q_n(p.(t)) = t^n. For example, p_3(q.(t)) = 4q_1(t) + 3q_2(t) + q_3(t) = 4t + 3(-t + t^2) + (-t -3t^2 +t^3) = t^3. In addition, both sequences possess the umbral convolution property (p.x) + p.(y))^n = p_n(x+y) with p_0(t) = 1.
This is the inverse of the Bell matrix generated by A153881; for the definition of the Bell matrix see the link. - Peter Luschny, Jan 26 2018
FORMULA
E.g.f.: e^[p.(t)x] = e^[t*h(x)] = exp[t*[(x-1)/2 + T{ (1/2) * exp[(x-1)/2] }], where T is the tree function of A000169 related to the Lambert function. h(x) = sum(j=1,...) A000311(j) * x^j / j! = exp[xp.'(0)], so the first column of this entry's matrix is A000311(n) for n > 0 and the second column of the full matrix for p_n(t) to n >= 0. The compositional inverse of h(x) is h^(-1)(x) = 1 + 2x - e^x.
The lowering operator is L = h^(-1)(D) = 1 + 2D - e^D with D = d/dt, i.e., L p_n(t) = n * p_(n-1)(t). For example, L p_3(t) = (D - D^2! - D^3/3! - ...) (4t + 6t^ + t^3) = 3 (t + t^2) = 3 p_2(t).
The raising operator is R = t * 1/[d[h^(-1)(D)]/dD] = t * 1/[2 - e^D)] = t (1 + D + 3D^2/2! + 13D^3/3! + ...). The coefficients of R are A000670. For example, R p_2(t) = t (1 + D + 3D^2/2! + ...) (t + t^2) = 4t + 3t^2 + t^3 = p_3(t).
The row sums are A006351, or essentially 2*A000311.
EXAMPLE
Matrix begins as
1;
1; 1;
4, 3, 1;
26, 19, 6, 1;
236, 170, 55, 10, 1;
2752, 1966, 645, 125, 15, 1;
MAPLE
# The function BellMatrix is defined in A264428. Adds (1, 0, 0, 0, ..) as column 0.
BellMatrix(n -> `if`(n=0, 1, -1), 9): MatrixInverse(%); # Peter Luschny, Jan 26 2018
MATHEMATICA
BellMatrix[f_, len_] := With[{t = Array[f, len, 0]}, Table[BellY[n, k, t], {n, 0, len - 1}, {k, 0, len - 1}]];
B = BellMatrix[Function[n, If[n == 0, 1, -1]], rows = 12] // Inverse;
Table[B[[n, k]], {n, 2, rows}, {k, 2, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 28 2018, after Peter Luschny *)
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,tabl
AUTHOR
Tom Copeland, Jan 24 2018
STATUS
approved