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A365770
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Expansion of g.f. A(x,y) satisfying A(x,y) = 1 + x*A(x,y)/(1 - x*y * A(x,y))^2, as a triangle of coefficients T(n,k) of x^n*y^k in A(x,y), read by rows n >= 0.
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7
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1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 6, 3, 0, 1, 12, 20, 4, 0, 1, 20, 70, 50, 5, 0, 1, 30, 180, 280, 105, 6, 0, 1, 42, 385, 1050, 882, 196, 7, 0, 1, 56, 728, 3080, 4620, 2352, 336, 8, 0, 1, 72, 1260, 7644, 18018, 16632, 5544, 540, 9, 0, 1, 90, 2040, 16800, 57330, 84084, 51480, 11880, 825, 10, 0, 1, 110, 3135, 33660, 157080, 336336, 330330, 141570, 23595, 1210, 11, 0
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OFFSET
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0,5
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COMMENTS
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A365771(n) = T(2*n,n), the central terms.
A109081(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k), the row sums.
A365772(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) * 2^k.
A365773(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) * 3^k.
A365774(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) * 4^k.
A365775(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) * 5^k.
Related identities which hold formally for all Maclaurin series F(x):
(1) F(x) = (1/x) * Sum{n>=1} n^(n-1) * x^n * F(x)^n / (1 + n*x*F(x))^(n+1),
(2) F(x) = (2/x) * Sum{n>=1} n*(n+1)^(n-2) * x^n * F(x)^n / (1 + (n+1)*x*F(x))^(n+1),
(3) F(x) = (3/x) * Sum{n>=1} n*(n+2)^(n-2) * x^n * F(x)^n / (1 + (n+2)*x*F(x))^(n+1),
(4) F(x) = (4/x) * Sum{n>=1} n*(n+3)^(n-2) * x^n * F(x)^n / (1 + (n+3)*x*F(x))^(n+1),
(5) F(x) = (k/x) * Sum{n>=1} n*(n+k-1)^(n-2) * x^n * F(x)^n / (1 + (n+k-1)*x*F(x))^(n+1) for all fixed nonzero k.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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T(n,k) = binomial(n+1, n-k)/(n+1) * binomial(2*n-k-1, k).
G.f. A(x,y) = Sum_{n>=0} Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^n*y^k satisfies the following formulas.
(1) A(x,y) = 1 + x*A(x,y)/(1 - x*y*A(x,y))^2.
(2) A(x,y) = (1/x) * Series_Reversion( x/(1 + x/(1 - x*y)^2) ), where reversion is taken wrt x.
(3) A( x/(1 + x/(1 - x*y)^2), y) = 1 + x/(1 - x*y)^2.
(4) A(x,y) = 1 + (1+y) * Sum{n>=1} n*(n+y)^(n-2) * x^n * A(x,y)^n / (1 + n*x*A(x,y))^(n+1).
(5) A(x,y) = 1 + (m+1) * Sum{n>=1} n*(n+m)^(n-2) * x^n * A(x,y)^n / (1 + (n+m-y)*x*A(x,y))^(n+1) for all fixed nonnegative m.
(5.a) A(x,y) = 1 + Sum{n>=1} n^(n-1) * x^n * A(x,y)^n / (1 + (n-y)*x*A(x,y))^(n+1).
(5.b) A(x,y) = 1 + 2 * Sum{n>=1} n*(n+1)^(n-2) * x^n * A(x,y)^n / (1 + (n+1-y)*x*A(x,y))^(n+1).
(5.c) A(x,y) = 1 + 3 * Sum{n>=1} n*(n+2)^(n-2) * x^n * A(x,y)^n / (1 + (n+2-y)*x*A(x,y))^(n+1).
(5.d) A(x,y) = 1 + 4 * Sum{n>=1} n*(n+3)^(n-2) * x^n * A(x,y)^n / (1 + (n+3-y)*x*A(x,y))^(n+1).
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EXAMPLE
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G.f.: A(x,y) = 1 + x + (1 + 2*y)*x^2 + (1 + 6*y + 3*y^2)*x^3 + (1 + 12*y + 20*y^2 + 4*y^3)*x^4 + (1 + 20*y + 70*y^2 + 50*y^3 + 5*y^4)*x^5 + (1 + 30*y + 180*y^2 + 280*y^3 + 105*y^4 + 6*y^5)*x^6 + (1 + 42*y + 385*y^2 + 1050*y^3 + 882*y^4 + 196*y^5 + 7*y^6)*x^7 + (1 + 56*y + 728*y^2 + 3080*y^3 + 4620*y^4 + 2352*y^5 + 336*y^6 + 8*y^7)*x^8 + ...
where
A(x,y) = 1 + x*A(x,y)/(1 - x*y*A(x,y))^2.
Also,
A(x,y) = 1 + 1^0*x*A(x,y)/(1 + (1-y)*x*A(x,y))^2 + 2^1*x^2*A(x,y)^2/(1 + (2-y)*x*A(x,y))^3 + 3^2*x^3*A(x,y)^3/(1 + (3-y)*x*A(x,y))^4 + 4^3*x^4*A(x,y)^4/(1 + (4-y)*x*A(x,y))^5 + 5^4*x^5*A(x,y)^5/(1 + (5-y)*x*A(x,y))^6 + ...
and
A(x,y) = 1 + (1+y)*1*(1+y)^(-1)*x*A(x,y)/(1 + 1*x*A(x,y))^2 + (1+y)*2*(2+y)^0*x^2*A(x,y)^2/(1 + 2*x*A(x,y))^3 + (1+y)*3*(3+y)^1*x^3*A(x,y)^3/(1 + 3*x*A(x,y))^4 + (1+y)*4*(4+y)^2*x^4*A(x,y)^4/(1 + 4*x*A(x,y))^5 + ...
This triangle of coefficients of x^n*y^k in A(x,y) begins:
1;
1, 0;
1, 2, 0;
1, 6, 3, 0;
1, 12, 20, 4, 0;
1, 20, 70, 50, 5, 0;
1, 30, 180, 280, 105, 6, 0;
1, 42, 385, 1050, 882, 196, 7, 0;
1, 56, 728, 3080, 4620, 2352, 336, 8, 0;
1, 72, 1260, 7644, 18018, 16632, 5544, 540, 9, 0;
1, 90, 2040, 16800, 57330, 84084, 51480, 11880, 825, 10, 0; ...
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PROG
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(PARI) {T(n, k) = binomial(n+1, n-k)/(n+1) * binomial(2*n-k-1, k)}
for(n=0, 10, for(k=0, n, print1(T(n, k), ", ")); print(""))
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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