A129802 Possible bases for Pepin's primality test for Fermat numbers.

3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 14, 20, 24, 27, 28, 39, 40, 41, 45, 48, 51, 54, 56, 63, 65, 75, 78, 80, 82, 85, 90, 91, 96, 102, 105, 108, 112, 119, 125, 126, 130, 147, 150, 156, 160, 164, 170, 175, 180, 182, 192, 204, 210, 216, 224, 238, 243, 245, 250, 252, 260, 291, 294, 300

Offset

1,1

Comments

Prime elements of this sequence are given by A102742.

From Jianing Song, May 15 2024: (Start)

Let m be an odd number and ord(2,m) = 2^r*d be the multiplicative order of 2 modulo m, where d is odd, then 2^2^n + 1 is congruent to one of 2^2^r + 1, 2^2^(r+1) + 1, ..., 2^2^(r+ord(2,d)-1) + 1 modulo m, so it suffices to check these ord(2,d) numbers.

Note that if m > 1, then m does not divide 2^2^n + 1 for n >= r, otherwise we would have 2^(2^n*d) = (2^ord(2,m))^2^(n-r) == 1 (mod m) and 2^(2^n*d) = (2^2^n)^d == (-1)^d == -1 (mod m). As a result, m is a term if and only if the Jacobi symbol ((2^2^n + 1)/m) is equal to -1 for m = r, r+1, ..., r+ord(2,d)-1.

By definition, a squarefree number that is a product of elite primes (A102742) or anti-elite primes (A128852) is a term if and only if its number of elite factors is odd. But a squarefree term can have factors that are neither elite nor anti-elite, the smallest being 551 = 19*29. (End)

Links

Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Pepin's Test.

Formula

A positive integer 2^k*m, where m is odd and k >= 0, belongs to this sequence iff the Jacobi symbol (F_n/m) = 1 for only a finite number of Fermat numbers F_n = A000215(n).

Example

For n >= 2, we have 2^2^n + 1 == 170, 461, 17, 257, 519, 539 (mod 551) respectively for n == 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (mod 6). As we have (170/551) = (461/551) = (17/551) = (257/551) = (519/551) = (539/551) = -1, 551 is a term. - Jianing Song, May 19 2024

Prog

(PARI) { isPepin(n) = local(s, S=Set(), t); n\=2^valuation(n, 2); s=Mod(3, n); while( !setsearch(S, s), S=setunion(S, [s]); s=(s-1)^2+1); t=s; until( t==s, if( kronecker(lift(t), n)==1, return(0)); t=(t-1)^2+1); 1 }
for(n=2, 1000, if(isPepin(n), print1(n, ", ")))
(PARI) for(b=2, 300, k=b/2^valuation(b, 2); if(k>1, i=logint(k, 2); m=Mod(2, k); z=znorder(m); e=znorder(Mod(2, z/2^valuation(z, 2))); t=0; for(c=1, e, if(kronecker(lift(m^2^(i+c))+1, k)==-1, t++, break)); if(t==e, print1(b, ", ")))); \\ Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Sep 22 2021
(PARI) isA129802(n) = n = (n >> valuation(n, 2)); my(d = znorder(Mod(2, n)), StartPoint = valuation(d, 2), LengthTest = znorder(Mod(2, d >> StartPoint))); for(i = StartPoint, StartPoint + LengthTest - 1, if(kronecker(lift(Mod(2, n)^2^i + 1), n) == 1, return(0))); 1 \\ Jianing Song, May 19 2024

Crossrefs

Cf. A000215, A019434, A060377, A102742, A128852, A372894.

Sequence in context: A034035 A335911 A136804 * A023854 A324511 A360008

Adjacent sequences: A129799 A129800 A129801 * A129803 A129804 A129805

Keyword

nonn

Author

Max Alekseyev, Jun 14 2007, corrected Dec 29 2007. Thanks to Ant King for pointing out an error in the earlier version of this sequence.

Status

approved