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A090390
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Repeatedly multiply (1,0,0) by ([1,2,2],[2,1,2],[2,2,3]); sequence gives leading entry.
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17
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1, 1, 9, 49, 289, 1681, 9801, 57121, 332929, 1940449, 11309769, 65918161, 384199201, 2239277041, 13051463049, 76069501249, 443365544449, 2584123765441, 15061377048201, 87784138523761, 511643454094369, 2982076586042449, 17380816062160329, 101302819786919521, 590436102659356801
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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The values of a and b in (a,b,c)*A give all (positive integer) solutions to Pell equation a^2 - 2*b^2 = -1; the values of c are A000129(2n)
All values of a(n) are squares. sqrt(a(n+1)) = A001333(n). The ratio a(n+1)/a(n) converges to 3 + 2*sqrt(2). - Richard R. Forberg, Aug 14 2013
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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G.f.: (1-4*x-x^2)/((1+x)*(1-6*x+x^2)).
(a, b, c) = (1, 0, 0). Recursively multiply (a, b, c)*( [1, 2, 2], [2, 1, 2], [2, 2, 3] ).
M^n * [ 1 1 1] = [a(n+1) q a(n)], where M = the 3 X 3 matrix [4 4 1 / 2 1 0 / 1 0 0]. E.g. M^5 * [1 1 1] = [9801 4059 1681] where 9801 = a(6), 1681 = a(5). Similarly, M^n * [1 0 0] generates A079291 (Pell number squares). - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 31 2004
a(n) = (((1+sqrt(2))^(2*n) + (1-sqrt(2))^(2*n)) + 2*(-1)^n)/4 - Lambert Klasen (lambert.klasen(AT)gmx.net), Oct 09 2005
a(n) = 5*a(n-1) + 5*a(n-2) - a(n-3), with a(0)=1, a(1)=1, a(2)=9. - Harvey P. Dale, May 20 2012
(a(n)) = tesseq(- .5'j + .5'k - .5j' + .5k' - 2'ii' + 'jj' - 'kk' + .5'ij' + .5'ik' + .5'ji' + 'jk' + .5'ki' + 'kj' + e), apart from initial term. - Creighton Dement, Nov 16 2004
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MAPLE
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a:= n-> (<<1|0|0>>. <<1|2|2>, <2|1|2>, <2|2|3>>^n)[1, 1]:
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MATHEMATICA
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CoefficientList[Series[(1-4x-x^2)/((1+x)(1-6x+x^2)), {x, 0, 30}], x] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 20 2012 *)
LinearRecurrence[{5, 5, -1}, {1, 1, 9}, 30] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 20 2012 *)
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PROG
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(Perl) use Math::Matrix; use Math::BigInt; $a = new Math::Matrix ([ 1, 2, 2], [ 2, 1, 2], [ 2, 2, 3]); $p = new Math::Matrix ([1, 0, 0]); $p->print(); for ($i=1; $i<20; $i++) { $p = $p->multiply($a); $p->print(); }
(PARI) a(n)=polcoeff((1-4*x-x^2)/((1+x)*(1-6*x+x^2))+x*O(x^n), n)
(PARI) a(n)=if(n<0, 0, ([1, 2, 2; 2, 1, 2; 2, 2, 3]^n)[1, 1])
(PARI) Vec( (1-4*x-x^2)/((1+x)*(1-6*x+x^2)) + O(x^66) ) \\ Joerg Arndt, Aug 16 2013
(Haskell)
a090390 n = a090390_list !! n
a090390_list = 1 : 1 : 9 : zipWith (-) (map (* 5) $
tail $ zipWith (+) (tail a090390_list) a090390_list) a090390_list
(Magma) [Evaluate(DicksonFirst(n, -1), 2)^2/4: n in [0..40]]; // G. C. Greubel, Aug 21 2022
(SageMath) [lucas_number2(n, 2, -1)^2/4 for n in (0..40)] # G. C. Greubel, Aug 21 2022
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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easy,nonn
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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