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ASCII
The ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) character set consists of 128 characters, comprising 33 control characters and 95 printable characters (symbol characters and alphanumeric characters representing Hindu-Arabic numeral characters and Latin alphabet literal characters).
Contents
Table of ASCII characters
Char NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI HEX 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F DEC 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Char DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US HEX 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F DEC 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Char ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / HEX 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F DEC 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Char 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? HEX 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F DEC 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 Char @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O HEX 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F DEC 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 Char P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ HEX 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E 5F DEC 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 Char ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o HEX 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E 6F DEC 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 Char p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ DEL HEX 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F DEC 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127
ASCII whitespace characters
The ASCII whitespace characters consist of the ASCII format effectors (a subset of the ASCII control characters) and the space (ASCII [invisible] nongraphic printable character)
- BS, HT, LF, VT, FF, CR and <space>
with corresponding ASCII codes within the range [8 .. 13] and 32.
The hexadecimal codes are [x08 .. x0D] and x20.
Line endings
Line endings have been done in all of three different ways!
- Unix/MacOS X: LF
- Traditional Mac: CR
- DOS/Windows: CR LF
NOTE: In the Main OEIS, line endings must be LF (Unix style). (Cf. b-files)
However, "thanks to help from Brendan McKay," Neil Sloane "automated the process that converts non-Unix b-files to Unix format, and also replaces tab characters with spaces" so that contributors may freely use DOS/Windows and traditional Mac (pre Mac OS X) text editors to make b-files.[1]
ASCII printable characters
The ninety-five ASCII printable characters (including the space
, an [invisible] nongraphic printable character, just before !
)
-
!"#$%&'()*+,-./
and0123456789
and:;<=>?@
andABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
and[\]^_`
andabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
and{|}~
are the characters with corresponding ASCII code within the range [32 .. 126]. (ASCII code 32 corresponds to the space character. The space character is considered an [invisible] nongraphic printable character, not a control character.)
The hexadecimal codes are [x20 .. x7E].
ASCII graphic/nongraphic characters
Among the ninety-five ASCII printable characters, there are the ninety-four [visible] ASCII graphic characters (of which the space is not) and the [invisible] ASCII nongraphic character, namely the space character.
ASCII symbol characters
The thirty-three ASCII symbol characters (including the space
(invisible printable character) just before !
)
-
!"#$%&'()*+,-./
and:;<=>?@
and[\]^_`
and{|}~
are the characters with corresponding ASCII code within the ranges [32 .. 47], [58 .. 64], [91 .. 96] and [123 .. 126]. (ASCII code 32 corresponds to the space character. The space character is considered an [invisible] nongraphic printable character, not a control character.)
The hexadecimal codes are [x20 .. x2F], [x3A .. x40], [x5B .. x60] and [x7B .. x7E].
HEX DEC HTML Char Name 20 32   Space 21 32 ! ! Bang, exclamation mark 22 32 " " Double quote 23 32 # # Hash, number sigh, pound sign 24 32 $ $ Dollar sign 25 32 % % Modulo sign, Percent sign 26 32 & & Ampersand, bitwise and & & 27 32 ' ' Single quote, apostrophe 28 40 ( ( Opening parenthesis, opening round bracket 29 41 ) ) Closing parenthesis, closing round bracket 2A 42 * * Asterisk 2B 43 + + Plus sign 2C 44 , , Comma 2D 45 - - Hyphen 2E 46 . . Dot, period 2F 47 / / Slash, forward slash, division sign 3A 58 : : Colon 3B 59 ; ; Semicolon 3C 60 < < Less than, opening angle bracket < < 3D 61 = = Equal sign 3E 62 > > Greater than, closing angle bracket > > 3F 63 ? ? Question mark 40 64 @ @ Commercial at 5B 91 [ [ Opening square bracket 5C 92 \ \ Backslash 5D 93 ] ] Closing square bracket 5E 94 ^ ^ Caret, circumflex, hat, exponentiation sign 5F 95 _ _ Underscore 60 96 ` ` Grave accent, backquote, backtick 7B 123 { { Opening brace, opening curly bracket 7C 124 | | Pipe, vertical bar, bitwise or 7D 125 } } Closing brace, closing curly bracket 7E 126 ~ ~ Tilde, similar
ASCII alphanumeric characters
The sixty-two ASCII alphanumeric characters
-
0123456789
andABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
andabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
have their corresponding ASCII code within the ranges [48 .. 57], [65 .. 90] and [97 .. 122].
The hexadecimal codes are [x30 .. x39], [x41 .. x5A] and [x61 .. x7A].
ASCII numeric characters
The ten ASCII numeric characters
-
0123456789
have their corresponding ASCII code within the range [48 .. 57].
The hexadecimal codes are [x30 .. x39].
ASCII alphabetic characters
The fifty-two ASCII alphabetic characters
-
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
andabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
have their corresponding ASCII code within the ranges [65 .. 90] and [97 .. 122].
The hexadecimal codes are [x41 .. x5A] and [x61 .. x7A].
ASCII uppercase alphabetic characters
The twenty-six ASCII uppercase alphabetic characters
-
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
have their corresponding ASCII code within the range [65 .. 90].
The hexadecimal codes are [x41 .. x5A].
ASCII lowercase alphabetic characters
The twenty-six ASCII lowercase alphabetic characters
-
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
have their corresponding ASCII code within the range [97 .. 122].
The hexadecimal codes are [x61 .. x7A].
ASCII control characters
The ASCII control characters are the characters with corresponding ASCII code within the range [0 .. 31] and 127. The following table describes the ASCII control characters. (In the OEIS, we are mostly concerned with the ASCII whitespace characters, which comprise the ASCII format effectors and the space.) (In programming, the NUL control character is used for null pointers and for null terminated [C/C++] strings.)
DEC Unicode Name DEC Unicode Name DEC Unicode Name 00 NUL NULl 16 DLE Data Link Escape 127 DEL DELete 01 SOH Start Of Heading 17 DC1 Device Control 1 02 STX Start of TeXt 18 DC2 Device Control 2 03 ETX End of TeXt 19 DC3 Device Control 3 04 EOT End Of Transmission 20 DC4 Device Control 4 05 ENQ ENQuiry 21 NAK Negative AcKnowledge 06 ACK ACKnowledge 22 SYN SYNchronous idle 07 BEL BELl 23 ETB End of Transmission Block 08 BS BackSpace 24 CAN CANcel 09 HT Horizontal Tabulation 25 EM End of Medium 10 LF Line Feed 26 SUB SUBstitute 11 VT Vertical Tabulation 27 ESC ESCape 12 FF Form Feed 28 FS Field Separator 13 CR Carriage Return 29 GS Group Separator 14 SO Shift Out 30 RS Record Separator 15 SI Shift In 31 US Unit Separator
ASCII transmission control characters
The ASCII transmission control characters are
- SOH, STX, ETX, EOT, ENQ, ACK, DLE, NAK, SYN, ETB
with corresponding ASCII codes [1 .. 6], 16, [21 .. 23].
The hexadecimal codes are [x01 .. x06], x10 and [x15 .. x17].
ASCII device control characters
The ASCII device control characters are
- DC1, DC2, DC3, DC4
with corresponding ASCII codes within the range [17 .. 20].
The hexadecimal codes are [x11 .. x14].
ASCII format effectors
The ASCII format effectors are
- BS, HT, LF, VT, FF, CR
with corresponding ASCII codes within the range [8 .. 13].
The hexadecimal codes are [x08 .. x0D].
ASCII control characters used to separate and qualify data logically
The ASCII control characters used to separate and qualify data logically are
- FS, GS, RS, US
with corresponding ASCII codes within the range [28 .. 31].
The hexadecimal codes are [x1C .. x1F].
ASCII control characters (other)
Other ASCII control characters are
- NUL, BEL, SO, SI, CAN, EM, SUB, ESC, DEL
with corresponding ASCII codes 0, 7, [14 .. 15], [24 .. 27] and 127.
The hexadecimal codes are x00, x07, [x0E .. x0F], [x18 .. x1B] and x7F.
See also
Notes
- ↑ Neil Sloane, Re: End of line characters in b-files, posting to SeqFan on March 11 2009.
External links
- Jukka Korpela, Ascii control codes (control characters, C0 controls)
- ASCII Code - The extended ASCII table, Copyright © 2005-2011 Injosoft.