OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
Conjecture: a(n) is odd when n = 2^k - 1 for k >= 0, and even elsewhere.
LINKS
Paul D. Hanna, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..600
FORMULA
G.f. A(x) = Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*x^n satisfies the following formulas.
(1) A(x) = 1 + x*(A(x)^2 - A(-x)^2)/2 + x*sqrt( (A(x)^4 + A(-x)^4)/2 ).
(2) A(x) = 2 - A(-x) + x*A(x)^2 - x*A(-x)^2.
(3) A(x) = A(-x) + x*sqrt( (A(x)^4 + x*A(-x)^4)/2 ).
(4.a) A(x) = (1 - sqrt(1-8*x + 4*x*A(-x) + 4*x^2*A(-x)^2)) / (2*x).
(4.b) A(-x) = (sqrt(1+8*x - 4*x*A(x) + 4*x^2*A(x)^2) - 1) / (2*x).
(5) (A(x) + A(-x))/2 = 1/(1 - x*(A(x) - A(-x))).
EXAMPLE
G.f.: A(x) = 1 + x + 2*x^2 + 7*x^3 + 18*x^4 + 78*x^5 + 220*x^6 + 1043*x^7 + 3090*x^8 + 15402*x^9 + 47044*x^10 + 242126*x^11 + 755076*x^12 + ...
RELATED SERIES.
A(x)^2 = 1 + 2*x + 5*x^2 + 18*x^3 + 54*x^4 + 220*x^5 + 717*x^6 + 3090*x^7 + 10562*x^8 + 47044*x^9 + 165858*x^10 + 755076*x^11 + ...
A(x)^4 = 1 + 4*x + 14*x^2 + 56*x^3 + 205*x^4 + 836*x^5 + 3178*x^6 + 13192*x^7 + 51490*x^8 + 216808*x^9 + 862588*x^10 + ...
The even bisection of A(x) may be formed from the odd bisection of A(x)^2:
(A(x) + A(-x))/2 = 1 + 2*x^2 + 18*x^4 + 220*x^6 + 3090*x^8 + 47044*x^10 + ...
(A(x)^2 - A(-x)^2)/2 = 2*x + 18*x^3 + 220*x^5 + 3090*x^7 + 47044*x^9 + ...
The odd bisection of A(x) may be formed from the even bisection of A(x)^4:
(A(x) - A(-x))/2 = x + 7*x^3 + 78*x^5 + 1043*x^7 + 15402*x^9 + ...
(A(x)^4 + A(-x)^4)/2 = 1 + 14*x^2 + 205*x^4 + 3178*x^6 + 51490*x^8 + ...
sqrt( (A(x)^4 + A(-x)^4)/2 ) = 1 + 7*x^2 + 78*x^4 + 1043*x^6 + 15402*x^8 + ...
PROG
(PARI) {a(n) = my(A=[1]); for(i=1, n,
A = Vec(1 + x*(Ser(A)^2 - subst(Ser(A)^2, x, -x))/2 + x*sqrt( (Ser(A)^4 + subst(Ser(A)^4, x, -x))/2 ) +x*O(x^#A) ) ); A[n+1]}
for(n=0, 30, print1(a(n), ", "))
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Paul D. Hanna, Jan 10 2024
STATUS
approved