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A355041 Numbers k such that A152763(2^k) < A152763(2^k-1). 0

%I #14 Jun 17 2022 03:22:24

%S 14,18,30,42,60,70,82,88,106,126,130,166,168,196,213,240,258

%N Numbers k such that A152763(2^k) < A152763(2^k-1).

%C Note that Catalan(2^k-1) is odd and that Catalan(2^k)/Catalan(2^k-1) = 2 * (2^(k+1)-1)/(2^k+1). Suppose that (2^(k+1)-1)/(2^k+1) = Product_{i=1..r} (p_i)^(e_i), let r_i be the (p_i)-adic valuation of binomial(2*(2^k-1),2^k-1), then A152763(2^k)/A152763(2^k-1) = 2 * Product_{i=1..r} (e_i+r_i+1)/(e_i+1).

%C Conjecture: there is no prime in this sequence. Among the primes p <= 257, the prime p for which A152763(2^p)/A152763(2^p-1) is the smallest is p = 193, where A152763(2^p)/A152763(2^p-1) = 143/140.

%e 14 is a term since A152763(2^14) = 4.457... * 10^721 < A152763(2^14-1) = 4.754... * 10^721. Note that Catalan(2^14)/Catalan(2^14-1) = 2 * 32767/16385, 32767/16385 = (7*31*151)/(5*29*113). We have v(N,5) = v(N,31) = v(N,113) = v(N,151) = 1, v(N,7) = 3, v(N,29) = 2 for N = binomial(2*(2^14-1),2^14-1), so A152763(2^14)/A152763(2^14-1) = 2 * ((3+1+1)/(3+1)) * ((1+1+1)/(1+1)) * ((1+1+1)/(1+1)) * ((1-1+1)/(1+1)) * ((2-1+1)/(2+1)) * ((1-1+1)/(1+1)) = 15/16 < 1.

%e 18 is a term since A152763(2^18) = 1.178... * 10^8888 < A152763(2^18-1) = 2.121... * 10^8888. Note that Catalan(2^18)/Catalan(2^18-1) = 2 * 524287/262145, 524287/262145 = 524287/(5*13*37*109). We have v(N,5) = 5, q(N,13) = 2, v(N,37) = v(N,109) = 1, v(N,524287) = 0 for N = binomial(2*(2^18-1),2^18-1), so A152763(2^18)/A152763(2^18-1) = 2 * ((5-1+1)/(5+1)) * ((2-1+1)/(2+1)) * ((1-1+1)/(1+1)) * ((1-1+1)/(1+1)) * ((0+1+1)/(0+1)) = 5/9 < 1.

%e Values of A152763(2^k)/A152763(2^k-1) for known terms:

%e k = 14: 15/16

%e k = 18: 5/9

%e k = 30: 9/11

%e k = 42: 432/455

%e k = 60: 64/81

%e k = 70: 104/105

%e k = 82: 160/243

%e k = 88: 16/21

%e k = 106: 38/45

%e k = 126: 2275/2673

%e k = 130: 3773/6400

%e k = 166: 216/287

%e k = 168: 27/35

%e k = 196: 605/897

%e k = 213: 1683/1840

%e k = 240: 320/343

%e k = 258: 732875/810432

%o (PARI) val(n,p) = (n - vecsum(digits(n,p)))/(p-1);

%o q(n,p) = val(2*n,p) - 2*val(n,p);

%o r(n) = my(list = factor((2^(n+1)-1)/(2^n+1)), w=#list~, rat=2, ex); for(i=1, w, ex=q(2^n-1,list[i,1]); rat*=(ex+list[i,2]+1)/(ex+1)); rat \\ A152763(2^n)/A152763(2^n-1)

%o isA355041(n) = (r(n) < 1)

%Y Cf. A152763, A000108, A038003 (the odd Catalan numbers).

%K nonn,hard,more

%O 1,1

%A _Jianing Song_, Jun 16 2022

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Last modified March 29 07:27 EDT 2024. Contains 371265 sequences. (Running on oeis4.)