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2^k appears in the binary expansion of a(n) iff 2^k appears in the binary expansion of n and k+1 does not divide n.
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%I #11 Mar 20 2022 18:29:38

%S 0,0,0,2,4,4,0,6,0,8,8,10,0,12,12,10,16,16,16,18,4,16,20,22,16,8,24,

%T 26,20,28,8,30,32,32,32,34,0,36,36,34,32,40,8,42,36,40,44,46,16,48,32,

%U 50,52,52,16,38,48,56,56,58,0,60,60,58,64,64,64,66,68,64

%N 2^k appears in the binary expansion of a(n) iff 2^k appears in the binary expansion of n and k+1 does not divide n.

%C The idea is to keep the 1's in the binary expansion of a number whose positions are related in some way to that number.

%H Rémy Sigrist, <a href="/A352452/b352452.txt">Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..8192</a>

%H <a href="/index/Bi#binary">Index entries for sequences related to binary expansion of n</a>

%F a(n) <= n.

%e For n = 42:

%e - 42 = 2^5 + 2^3 + 2^1,

%e - 5+1 divides 42,

%e - 3+1 does not divide 42,

%e - 1+1 divides 42,

%e - so a(42) = 2^3 = 8.

%o (PARI) a(n) = { my (v=0, m=n, k); while (m, m-=2^k=valuation(m,2); if (n%(k+1), v+=2^k)); v }

%Y See A352449, A352450, A352451, A352458 for similar sequences.

%K nonn,base

%O 0,4

%A _Rémy Sigrist_, Mar 16 2022