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a(n) is the quotient wt(m^2) / wt(m), where wt = binary weight = A000120 and m = A352084(n).
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%I #28 Mar 07 2022 07:55:01

%S 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,

%T 2,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1,2,2,1,

%U 1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,2

%N a(n) is the quotient wt(m^2) / wt(m), where wt = binary weight = A000120 and m = A352084(n).

%C All positive integers are terms of this sequence and the smallest integer k such that a(k) = n is A352086(n).

%C a(n) = 1 iff m = A352084(n) is a term of A077436, and a(n) = 2 iff m = A352084(n) is a term of A083567.

%H Martin Ehrenstein, <a href="/A352085/b352085.txt">Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000</a>

%H Diophante, <a href="http://www.diophante.fr/problemes-par-themes/arithmetique-et-algebre/a1-pot-pourri/4786-a1730-des-chiffres-a-sommer-pour-un-entier">A1730 - Des chiffres à sommer pour un entier</a> (in French).

%F a(n) = A159918(A352084(n))/A000120(A352084(n)).

%e For n=19, A352084(19) = 42_10 = 101010_2 => wt(42) = 3 ones; then 42^2 = 1764_10 = 11011100100_2 => wt(1764) = 6 ones, so that a(19) = wt(42^2) / wt(42) = 6/3 = 2.

%t Select[Total[IntegerDigits[#^2, 2]]/Total[IntegerDigits[#, 2]] & /@ Range[300], IntegerQ] (* _Amiram Eldar_, Mar 05 2022 *)

%o (PARI) lista(nn) = my(list = List(), q); for (n=1, nn, if (denominator(q=hammingweight(n^2)/hammingweight(n)) == 1, listput(list, q));); Vec(list); \\ _Michel Marcus_, Mar 05 2022

%o (Python)

%o from itertools import count, islice

%o def agen(): # generator of terms

%o for m in count(1):

%o q, r = divmod(bin(m**2).count('1'), bin(m).count('1'))

%o if r == 0:

%o yield q

%o print(list(islice(agen(), 100))) # _Michael S. Branicky_, Mar 05 2022

%Y Cf. A000120, A077436, A083567, A159918, A352084, A352086.

%K nonn,base

%O 1,12

%A _Bernard Schott_, Mar 05 2022

%E More terms from _Michel Marcus_, Mar 05 2022