OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
Except for the first term 3, primes p such that both Dyck paths of the symmetric representation of sigma(p) have a central valley.
Note that the symmetric representation of sigma of an odd prime consists of two perpendicular bars connected by an irregular zig-zag path (see example).
Odd primes and the terms of this sequence are easily identifiable in the pyramid described in A245092 (see Links section).
For more information about the mentioned Dyck paths see A237593.
Equivalently, primes p such that the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(p) has an even number of peaks.
LINKS
EXAMPLE
Illustration of initial terms:
-------------------------------------------------
p sigma(p) Diagram of the symmetry of sigma
-------------------------------------------------
_ _ _ _
| | | | | | | |
_ _|_| | | | | | |
3 4 |_ _| _|_| | | | |
_ _ _| | | | |
5 6 |_ _ _| | | | |
_ _|_| | |
_| _ _|_|
_| |
| _|
_ _ _ _ _ _| _ _|
11 12 |_ _ _ _ _ _| |
_ _ _ _ _ _ _|
13 14 |_ _ _ _ _ _ _|
.
For the first four terms of the sequence we can see in the above diagram that the largest Dyck path of the symmetric representation of sigma(p) has a central valley.
Compare with A317308.
PROG
(Python)
from sympy import isprime
for x in range(1, 100):
for x in range(2*x**2+2*x-(2*x//2), 2*x**2+2*x+(2*x//2)+1):
if isprime(x):
print(x, end=', ') # César Aguilera, Nov 12 2020
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Omar E. Pol, Aug 29 2018
STATUS
approved