%I #7 May 05 2018 20:55:39
%S 36,-144,864,-6048,46080,-370656,3096576,-26604864,233570304,
%T -2086063200,18893242368,-173111152320,1601754365952,-14945262816960,
%U 140461536706560,-1328495714939520,12635295568625664,-120770748612067680,1159474181591531520,-11176086736640548800,108114032779214192640,-1049288769526156568640,10214201953998140866560,-99701511082612622322048
%N G.f. S(x) satisfies C(x)^(1/2) - S(x)^(1/2) = 1 such that C'(x)*S(x)^(1/2) = S'(x)*C(x)^(1/2) = 72*x.
%C a(n) = -(-1)^n * 36 * A214377(n-2) for n>=2.
%F The functions C = C(x) and S = S(x) satisfy:
%F (1a) sqrt(C) - sqrt(S) = 1.
%F (1b) C'*sqrt(S) = S'*sqrt(C) = 72*x.
%F (1c) C' = 72*x/sqrt(S).
%F (1d) S' = 72*x/sqrt(C).
%F Integrals.
%F (2a) C = 1 + Integral 72*x/sqrt(S) dx.
%F (2b) S = Integral 72*x/sqrt(C) dx.
%F (2c) C = 1 + Integral S'*sqrt(C/S) dx.
%F (2d) S = Integral C'*sqrt(S/C) dx.
%F Exponentials.
%F (3a) sqrt(C) = exp( Integral 36*x/(C*sqrt(S)) dx ).
%F (3b) sqrt(S) = 6*x*exp( Integral 36*x/(S*sqrt(C)) - 1/x dx ).
%F (3c) C - S = exp( Integral 72*x/(C*sqrt(S) + S*sqrt(C)) dx ).
%F (3d) C - S = exp( Integral C'*S'/(C*S' + S*C') dx).
%F Functional equations.
%F (4a) C = 1/3 - 36*x^2 + (2/3)*C^(3/2).
%F (4b) S = 36*x^2 - (2/3)*S^(3/2).
%F Explicit solutions.
%F (5a) C(x) = 1 + Sum_{n>=1} 2*(-4)^n*binomial(3*n/2,n)/((3*n-2)*(3*n-4)) * x^n.
%F (5b) S(x) = 36*x^2 + Sum_{n>=3} 18*(-4)^n*(3*n-3)*binomial(3*n/2-2,n)/((3*n-4)*(3*n-6)) * x^n.
%F (5c) sqrt(C(x)) = 1 + Sum_{n>=1} -(-4)^n * binomial(3*n/2,n)/(3*n-2) * x^n.
%F Formulas for terms.
%F a(n) = 18*(-4)^n * (3*n-3) * binomial(3*n/2-2,n) / ((3*n-4)*(3*n-6)) for n>=3, with a(2) = 36.
%e G.f.: S(x) = 36*x^2 - 144*x^3 + 864*x^4 - 6048*x^5 + 46080*x^6 - 370656*x^7 + 3096576*x^8 - 26604864*x^9 + 233570304*x^10 + ...
%e RELATED SERIES.
%e C(x) = 1 + 12*x + 12*x^2 - 24*x^3 + 96*x^4 - 504*x^5 + 3072*x^6 - 20592*x^7 + 147456*x^8 - 1108536*x^9 + 8650752*x^10 + ...
%e C(x)^(1/2) = 1 + 6*x - 12*x^2 + 60*x^3 - 384*x^4 + 2772*x^5 - 21504*x^6 + 175032*x^7 - 1474560*x^8 + 12748164*x^9 - 112459776*x^10 + ...
%e sqrt(S(x)) = 6*x - 12*x^2 + 60*x^3 - 384*x^4 + 2772*x^5 - 21504*x^6 + 175032*x^7 - 1474560*x^8 + 12748164*x^9 - 112459776*x^10 + ...
%e where C(x)^(1/2) - S(x)^(1/2) = 1
%e and C'*sqrt(S) = S'*sqrt(C) = 72*x.
%o (PARI) {a(n) = my(C=1, S=x^2); for(i=0, n, C = 1 + intformal( 72*x/sqrt(S +x^3*O(x^n)) ); S = intformal( 72*x/sqrt(C) ) ); polcoeff(S, n)}
%o for(n=2,30,print1(a(n),", "))
%o (PARI) {a(n) = if(n<2,0,n==2,36, 18*(-4)^n * (3*n-3) * binomial(3*n/2-2,n) / ((3*n-4)*(3*n-6)) )}
%o for(n=2,30,print1(a(n),", "))
%Y Cf. A299853, A299855, A214377.
%K sign
%O 2,1
%A _Paul D. Hanna_, Feb 20 2018