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A219163 Recurrence equation a(n+1) = a(n)^4 - 4*a(n)^2 + 2 with a(0) = 4. 3

%I #18 Dec 11 2022 06:09:39

%S 4,194,1416317954,4023861667741036022825635656102100994

%N Recurrence equation a(n+1) = a(n)^4 - 4*a(n)^2 + 2 with a(0) = 4.

%C Bisection of A003010.

%C a(4) has 147 digits and a(5) has 586 digits. - _Harvey P. Dale_, Mar 03 2020

%F Let alpha = 2 + sqrt(3). Then a(n) = (alpha)^(4^n) + (1/alpha)^(4^n).

%F a(n) = A003010(2*n) = A003500(4^n).

%F Product_{n >= 0} ((1 + 2/a(n))/(1 - 2/a(n)^2)) = sqrt(3).

%F From _Peter Bala_, Dec 06 2022: (Start)

%F a(n) = 2*T(4^n,2), where T(n,x) denotes the n-th Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind.

%F Let b(n) = a(n) - 4. The sequence {b(n)} appears to be a strong divisibility sequence, that is, gcd(b(n),b(m)) = b(gcd(n,m)) for n, m >= 1. (End)

%t NestList[#^4-4#^2+2&,4,5] (* _Harvey P. Dale_, Mar 03 2020 *)

%o (PARI) a(n)={if(n==0,4,a(n-1)^4-4*a(n-1)^2+2)} \\ _Edward Jiang_, Sep 11 2014

%Y Cf. A001999, A003010, A003500, A219162, A219164, A219165.

%K nonn,easy

%O 0,1

%A _Peter Bala_, Nov 13 2012

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Last modified April 19 05:19 EDT 2024. Contains 371782 sequences. (Running on oeis4.)