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%I #5 Oct 29 2015 13:32:22
%S 0,0,0,1,2,1,3,5,4,3,6,9,8,7,6,10,14,13,12,11,10,15,20,19,18,17,16,15,
%T 21,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,28,35,34,33,32,31,30,29,28,36,44,43,42,41,40,
%U 39,38,37,36,45,54,53,52,51,50,49,48,47,46,45,55,65,64,63,62,61,60,59
%N Unused area of rectangle needed to enclose a non-touching spiral of length n on a square lattice.
%F a(n) =floor[(sqrt(8n+1)-1)/2]*ceiling[(sqrt(8n+1)-1)/2]-n =A002024(n)*A003056(n)-n =A056942(n)-n =n-A056944(n). If n=t(t+1)/2 then a(n)=t(t-1)/2; if n=t(t+1)/2+k with 0<k <= t then a(n)=t(t+1)/2-k.
%e a(9)=3 since spiral is as marked by 9 X's in 4*3=12 rectangle, with 12-9=3 spaces unused:
%e X.XX
%e X..X
%e XXXX
%t uar[n_]:=Module[{c=(Sqrt[8n+1]-1)/2},Floor[c]Ceiling[c]-n]; Array[ uar,80,0] (* _Harvey P. Dale_, Oct 29 2015 *)
%Y Cf. A002024, A003056, A056942, A056944.
%K easy,nonn
%O 0,5
%A _Henry Bottomley_, Jul 13 2000
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