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Template:^

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For mathematical typesetting, in either HTML+CSS or LaTeX, of superscripts (other than exponents), use the {{sup}} (superscript) mathematical formatting template.


The {{^}} (exponent) mathematical formatting template is used for mathematical typesetting of exponents in either HTML+CSS or LaTeX.

NOTE: Currently, the HTML+CSS exponents get smaller (0.75em by default) for each nesting level, whereas the LaTeX exponents are \scriptstyle (first level) and \scriptscriptstyle (second level and higher).

Usage

Text{{^|exponent}} (relative size defaults to 0.75em; format defaults to htm)
Text{{^|exponent|relative size}} (format defaults to htm)
Text{{^|exponent|exponent|format}} (relative size defaults to 0.75em for htm)
Text{{^|exponent|exponent|relative size|format}}

where

  • the first parameter (exponent) is the exponent text;
  • the [optional] second parameter (relative size) is relative size in either em units (e.g. 0.75em), or percentage (e.g. 75%) which is automatically converted to em units (100% = 1em) (relative size defaults to 0.75em);

and the [optional] last parameter (format), is from

  • htm: HTML+CSS (default);
  • tex: LaTeX (relative size is ignored, since we’re using LaTeX default behavior).

<sup>...</sup> vs. {{^}} vs. {{sup}}

With the {{math}} template DO NOT use the <sup>...</sup> and/or <sub>...</sub> tags!

text<sup>superscript</sup>, text<sub>subscript</sub> which yields

textsuperscript, textsubscript

The {{^}}, {{sup}} and {{sub}} templates allow fine tweaking of the typesetting of exponents, superscripts and subscripts (mathematical typesetting with the {{math}} template).

Typesetting mathematics with the {{math}} template:

  • use the {{^}} template for exponents (not for other superscripts).
  • use the {{sup}} template for superscripts (other than exponents);
  • use the {{sub}} template for subscripts.

Typesetting with the {{math}} template: use the {{^}} template only for exponents (not for other superscripts)

The {{^}} template prepends a 1mu space, e.g.

{{math|''n''{{^|2}}, ''n''{{^|''k''}}|&}} which yields the text style HTML+CSS

n 2, nk

{{math|''n''{{^|2|tex}},\, ''n''{{^|''k''|tex}}|$}} which yields the text style LaTeX

{{math|''n''{{^|2}}, ''n''{{^|''k''}}|&&}} which yields the display style HTML+CSS

n 2, nk

{{math|''n''{{^|2|tex}}, ''n''{{^|''k''|tex}}|$$}} which yields the display style LaTeX

Typesetting with the {{math}} template: use the {{sup}} template only for superscripts (other than exponents)

The {{sup}} template DOES NOT prepend a 1mu space, e.g.

{{indent}}{{math|<!--
-->''A'' {{=}} {{matrix|
  ''a''{{sub|1,1}} && ''a''{{sub|1,2}} \\
  ''a''{{sub|2,1}} && ''a''{{sub|2,2}}
|( )}}{{sp|4}},{{sp|quad}}<!--
-->''A''{{sup|T}} {{=}} {{matrix|
  ''a''{{sub|1,1}} && ''a''{{sub|2,1}} \\ 
  ''a''{{sub|1,2}} && ''a''{{sub|2,2}}
|( )}}
|&&}}

which yields the display style HTML+CSS

     
A =
a1,1   a1,2
a2,1   a2,2
 , AT =
a1,1   a2,1
a1,2   a2,2
{{indent}}{{math|<!--
-->''A'' {{=}} {{matrix|
  ''a''{{sub|1,1|tex}} && ''a''{{sub|1,2|tex}} \\
  ''a''{{sub|2,1|tex}} && ''a''{{sub|2,2|tex}}
|( )|tex}},{{sp|quad|tex}}<!--
-->''A''{{sup|\mathrm{T}|tex}} {{=}} {{matrix|
  ''a''{{sub|1,1|tex}} && ''a''{{sub|2,1|tex}} \\ 
  ''a''{{sub|1,2|tex}} && ''a''{{sub|2,2|tex}}
|( )|tex}}
|$$}}

which yields the display style LaTeX

     

Tests: Exponents and subscripts

: before {{math|''x''<sup>''n''</sup>, ''x''<sub>''n''</sub>|&}} after yields the text style HTML+CSS (superscripts and subscripts are too big with the <sup>...</sup> and <sub>...</sub> tags)

before 
xn, xn
after

: {{math|''x''<sup>''n''</sup>, ''x''<sub>''n''</sub>|&&}} yields the display style HTML+CSS (superscripts and subscripts are too big with the <sup>...</sup> and <sub>...</sub> tags)

xn, xn

: before {{math|''x''{{^|''n''}}, ''x''{{sub|''n''}}|&}} after yields the text style HTML+CSS

before 
xn, xn
after

: {{math|''x''{{^|''n''}}, ''x''{{sub|''n''}}|&&}} yields the display style HTML+CSS

xn, xn

: before {{math|''x''<sup>2</sup>, ''x''<sub>2</sub>|&}} after yields the text style HTML+CSS (superscripts and subscripts are too big with the <sup>...</sup> and <sub>...</sub> tags)

before 
x2, x2
after

: {{math|''x''<sup>2</sup>, ''x''<sub>2</sub>|&&}} yields the display style HTML+CSS (superscripts and subscripts are too big with the <sup>...</sup> and <sub>...</sub> tags)

x2, x2

: before {{math|''x''{{^|2}}, ''x''{{sub|2}}|&}} after yields the text style HTML+CSS

before 
x 2, x2
after

: {{math|''x''{{^|2}}, ''x''{{sub|2}}|&&}} yields the display style HTML+CSS

x 2, x2

Examples

Since the {{^}} template assumes that it is preceded by an italicized variable as the base, it inserts a {{sp|1}} (1mu space) as italic correction. For this reason, when the base is a number (not italicized) we want to cancel it out with a {{sp|-1}} (-1mu space) to get appropriate spacing in HTML+CSS (as shown below).

: before {{math|3{{^|2}} + 4{{^|2}} {{=}} 5{{^|2}}|&}} after yields the text style HTML+CSS

before 
3 2 + 4 2 = 5 2
after

: before {{math|3{{sp|-1}}{{^|2}} + 4{{sp|-1}}{{^|2}} {{=}} 5{{sp|-1}}{{^|2}}|&}} after yields the text style HTML+CSS

before 
3 2 + 4 2 = 5 2
after

: before {{math|3{{^|2|tex}} + 4{{^|2|tex}} {{=}} 5{{^|2|tex}}|$}} after yields the text style LaTeX

before after

: {{math|3{{^|2}} + 4{{^|2}} {{=}} 5{{^|2}}|&&}} yields the display style HTML+CSS

3 2 + 4 2 = 5 2

: {{math|3{{sp|-1}}{{^|2}} + 4{{sp|-1}}{{^|2}} {{=}} 5{{sp|-1}}{{^|2}}|&&}} yields the display style HTML+CSS

3 2 + 4 2 = 5 2

: {{math|3{{^|2|tex}} + 4{{^|2|tex}} {{=}} 5{{^|2|tex}}|$$}} yields the display style LaTeX

: before {{math|''x''{{^|2}} + ''y''{{^|2}} {{=}} ''r''{{^|2}}|&}} after yields the text style HTML+CSS

before 
x 2 + y 2 = r 2
after

: before {{math|''x''{{^|2|tex}} + ''y''{{^|2|tex}} {{=}} ''r''{{^|2|tex}}|$}} after yields the text style LaTeX

before after

: {{math|''x''{{^|2}} + ''y''{{^|2}} {{=}} ''r''{{^|2}}|&&}} yields the display style HTML+CSS

x 2 + y 2 = r 2

: {{math|''x''{{^|2|tex}} + ''y''{{^|2|tex}} {{=}} ''r''{{^|2|tex}}|$$}} yields the display style LaTeX

Examples inside square root

: before {{math|{{sqrt|''x''{{^|2}} + ''y''{{^|2}}}} {{=}} ''r''|&}} after yields the text style HTML+CSS

before 
2  x 2 + y 2
= r
after

: before {{math|{{sqrt|''x''{{^|2|tex}} + ''y''{{^|2|tex}}|tex}} {{=}} ''r''|$}} after yields the text style LaTeX

before after

: {{math|{{sqrt|''x''{{^|2}}} + ''y''{{^|2}}}}} {{=}} ''r''|&&}} yields the display style HTML+CSS

2  x 2 + y 2
= r

: {{math|{{sqrt|''x''{{^|2|tex}} + ''y''{{^|2|tex}}|tex}} {{=}} ''r''|$$}} yields the display style LaTeX

Examples with nested exponents

The following are examples of Knuth’s arrow notation.

NOTE: Currently, the HTML+CSS exponents get smaller (0.75em by default) for each nesting level, whereas the LaTeX exponents are \scriptstyle (first level) and \scriptscriptstyle (second level and higher).

To get the nested HTML+CSS exponents to be the same size for all nesting levels:

  • for second level and higher, set the second argument to 1em or 100% (corresponds to \scriptstyle).

To get the nested HTML+CSS exponents to behave similarly to LaTeX:

  • for second level, set the second argument to 0.8em or 80% (the default 0.75em is too small) (corresponds to \scriptscriptstyle);
  • for third level and higher, set the second argument to 1em or 100% (still corresponds to \scriptscriptstyle).

The code

: thus {{math|
''b'' {{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''}};{{sp|quad}}''b'' {{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|100%}}}};<!--
-->{{sp|quad}}''b'' {{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|100%}}|100%}}}}|&}}, etc.
: thus {{math|
''b'' {{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''}};{{sp|quad}}''b'' {{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|80%}}}};<!--
-->{{sp|quad}}''b'' {{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|100%}}|80%}}}}|&}}, etc.

yields the text style HTML+CSS

thus 
bn := bn; b ↑↑ n := bnn; b ↑↑↑ n := bnnn
, etc.
thus 
bn := bn; b ↑↑ n := bnn; b ↑↑↑ n := bnnn
, etc.

The code

: thus {{math|
''b'' {{-)|uarr|tex}} ''n'' {{sym|def|tex}} ''b''{{^|''n''|tex}};{{sp|quad|tex}}''b'' {{-)|uarr|tex}}{{-)|uarr|tex}} ''n'' {{sym|def|tex}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|100%|tex}}|tex}};{{sp|quad|tex}}<!--
-->''b'' {{-)|uarr|tex}}{{-)|uarr|tex}}{{-)|uarr|tex}} ''n'' {{sym|def|tex}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|100%|tex}}|100%|tex}}|tex}}|$}}, etc.

yields the text style LaTeX

thus, etc.

The code

: {{math|
''b'' {{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''}};{{sp|quad}}''b'' {{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|100%}}}};<!--
-->{{sp|quad}}''b'' {{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|100%}}|100%}}}}
|&&}}
: {{math|
''b'' {{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''}};{{sp|quad}}''b'' {{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|80%}}}};<!--
-->{{sp|quad}}''b'' {{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}}{{-)|uarr}} ''n'' {{sym|def}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|100%}}|80%}}}}
|&&}}

yields the display style HTML+CSS

bn := bn; b ↑↑ n := bnn; b ↑↑↑ n := bnnn
bn := bn; b ↑↑ n := bnn; b ↑↑↑ n := bnnn

The code

: {{math|
''b'' {{-)|uarr|tex}} ''n'' {{sym|def|tex}} ''b''{{^|''n''|tex}};{{sp|quad|tex}}''b'' {{-)|uarr|tex}}{{-)|uarr|tex}} ''n'' {{sym|def|tex}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|100%|tex}}|tex}};{{sp|quad|tex}}<!--
-->''b'' {{-)|uarr|tex}}{{-)|uarr|tex}}{{-)|uarr|tex}} ''n'' {{sym|def|tex}} ''b''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''{{^|''n''|100%|tex}}|100%|tex}}|tex}}
|$$}}

yields the displaystyle LaTeX

See also

  • {{^}} (exponent)
  • {{sub}}      (textsubscript)
  • {{sup}}      (textsuperscript)
  • {{sub sup}} or {{subsup}}      (text superscriptsubscript)
  • {{sup sub}} or {{supsub}}      (text superscript subscript)