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A322232
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E.g.f.: D(x,k) = 1 + k^2 * Integral S(x,k)*C(x,k)*D(x,k) dx, such that C(x,k)^2 - S(x,k)^2 = 1, and D(x,k)^2 - k^2*S(x,k)^2 = 1, as a triangle of coefficients read by rows.
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4
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1, 0, 1, 0, 4, 5, 0, 16, 148, 61, 0, 64, 2832, 6744, 1385, 0, 256, 47936, 383856, 410456, 50521, 0, 1024, 780544, 17142784, 54480944, 32947964, 2702765, 0, 4096, 12555264, 686711040, 5199585280, 8760740640, 3402510924, 199360981, 0, 16384, 201199616, 26090711040, 419867864320, 1569971730560, 1632067372896, 441239943664, 19391512145, 0, 65536, 3220652032, 965223559168, 30892394850304, 227204970315520, 502094919789184, 353538702361888, 70347660061552, 2404879675441
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OFFSET
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0,5
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COMMENTS
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Equals a row reversal of triangle A325221.
Compare to dn(x,k) = 1 - k^2 * Integral sn(x,k)*cn(x,k) dx, where sn(x,k), cn(x,k), and dn(x,k) are Jacobi elliptic functions.
Compare also to Michael Pawellek's generalized elliptic functions.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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E.g.f. D = D(x,k) = Sum_{n>=0} Sum_{j=0..n} T(n,j) * x^(2*n) * k^(2*j) / (2*n)!, along with related series S = S(x,k) and C = C(x,k), satisfies:
(1a) S = Integral C*D^2 dx.
(1b) C = 1 + Integral S*D^2 dx.
(1c) D = 1 + k^2 * Integral S*C*D dx.
(2a) C^2 - S^2 = 1.
(2b) D^2 - k^2*S^2 = 1.
(3a) C + S = exp( Integral D^2 dx ).
(3b) D + k*S = exp( k * Integral C*D dx ).
(4a) S = sinh( Integral D^2 dx ).
(4b) S = sinh( k * Integral C*D dx ) / k.
(4c) C = cosh( Integral D^2 dx ).
(4d) D = cosh( k * Integral C*D dx ).
(5a) d/dx S = C*D^2.
(5b) d/dx C = S*D^2.
(5c) d/dx D = k^2 * S*C*D.
Given sn(x,k), cn(x,k), and dn(x,k) are Jacobi elliptic functions, with i^2 = -1, k' = sqrt(1-k^2), then
(6a) S = -i * sn( i * Integral D dx, k),
(6b) C = cn( i * Integral D dx, k),
(6c) D = dn( i * Integral D dx, k).
(7a) S = sc( Integral D dx, k') = sn(Integral D dx, k')/cn(Integral D dx, k'),
(7b) C = nc( Integral D dx, k') = 1/cn(Integral D dx, k'),
(7c) D = dc( Integral D dx, k') = dn(Integral D dx, k')/cn(Integral D dx, k'). (End)
Row sums equal ( (2*n)!/(n!*2^n) )^2 = A001818(n), the squares of the odd double factorials.
Main diagonal equals A000364, the secant numbers.
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EXAMPLE
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E.g.f.: D(x,k) = 1 + k^2*x^2/2! + (5*k^4 + 4*k^2)*x^4/4! + (61*k^6 + 148*k^4 + 16*k^2)*x^6/6! + (1385*k^8 + 6744*k^6 + 2832*k^4 + 64*k^2)*x^8/8! + (50521*k^10 + 410456*k^8 + 383856*k^6 + 47936*k^4 + 256*k^2)*x^10/10! + (2702765*k^12 + 32947964*k^10 + 54480944*k^8 + 17142784*k^6 + 780544*k^4 + 1024*k^2)*x^12/12! + (199360981*k^14 + 3402510924*k^12 + 8760740640*k^10 + 5199585280*k^8 + 686711040*k^6 + 12555264*k^4 + 4096*k^2)*x^14/14! + ...
such that D(x,k)^2 - k^2*S(x,k)^2 = 1.
This triangle of coefficients T(n,j) of x^(2*n)*k^(2*j)/(2*n)! in e.g.f. D(x,k) begins:
1;
0, 1;
0, 4, 5;
0, 16, 148, 61;
0, 64, 2832, 6744, 1385;
0, 256, 47936, 383856, 410456, 50521;
0, 1024, 780544, 17142784, 54480944, 32947964, 2702765;
0, 4096, 12555264, 686711040, 5199585280, 8760740640, 3402510924, 199360981;
0, 16384, 201199616, 26090711040, 419867864320, 1569971730560, 1632067372896, 441239943664, 19391512145;
0, 65536, 3220652032, 965223559168, 30892394850304, 227204970315520, 502094919789184, 353538702361888, 70347660061552, 2404879675441; ...
RELATED SERIES.
The related series S(x,k), where D(x,k)^2 - k^2*S(x,k)^2 = 1, starts
S(x,k) = x + (2*k^2 + 1)*x^3/3! + (16*k^4 + 28*k^2 + 1)*x^5/5! + (272*k^6 + 1032*k^4 + 270*k^2 + 1)*x^7/7! + (7936*k^8 + 52736*k^6 + 36096*k^4 + 2456*k^2 + 1)*x^9/9! + (353792*k^10 + 3646208*k^8 + 4766048*k^6 + 1035088*k^4 + 22138*k^2 + 1)*x^11/11! + (22368256*k^12 + 330545664*k^10 + 704357760*k^8 + 319830400*k^6 + 27426960*k^4 + 199284*k^2 + 1)*x^13/13! + ...
The related series C(x,k), where C(x,k)^2 - S(x,k)^2 = 1, starts
C(x,k) = 1 + x^2/2! + (8*k^2 + 1)*x^4/4! + (136*k^4 + 88*k^2 + 1)*x^6/6! + (3968*k^6 + 6240*k^4 + 816*k^2 + 1)*x^8/8! + (176896*k^8 + 513536*k^6 + 195216*k^4 + 7376*k^2 + 1)*x^10/10! + (11184128*k^10 + 51880064*k^8 + 39572864*k^6 + 5352544*k^4 + 66424*k^2 + 1)*x^12/12! + (951878656*k^12 + 6453433344*k^10 + 8258202240*k^8 + 2458228480*k^6 + 139127640*k^4 + 597864*k^2 + 1)*x^14/14! + ...
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PROG
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(PARI) N=10;
{S=x; C=1; D=1; for(i=1, 2*N, S = intformal(C*D^2 +O(x^(2*N+1))); C = 1 + intformal(S*D^2); D = 1 + k^2*intformal(S*C*D)); }
for(n=0, N, for(j=0, n, print1( (2*n)!*polcoeff(polcoeff(D, 2*n, x), 2*j, k), ", ")) ; print(""))
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CROSSREFS
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KEYWORD
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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