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A322230
E.g.f.: S(x,k) = Integral C(x,k)*D(x,k)^2 dx, such that C(x,k)^2 - S(x,k)^2 = 1, and D(x,k)^2 - k^2*S(x,k)^2 = 1, as a triangle of coefficients read by rows.
5
1, 1, 2, 1, 28, 16, 1, 270, 1032, 272, 1, 2456, 36096, 52736, 7936, 1, 22138, 1035088, 4766048, 3646208, 353792, 1, 199284, 27426960, 319830400, 704357760, 330545664, 22368256, 1, 1793606, 702812568, 18598875760, 93989648000, 120536980224, 38188155904, 1903757312, 1, 16142512, 17753262208, 1002968825344, 10324483102720, 28745874079744, 24060789342208, 5488365862912, 209865342976, 1, 145282674, 445736371872, 51882638754240, 1013356176688128, 5416305638467584, 9498855414644736, 5590122715250688, 961530104709120, 29088885112832
OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
Equals a row reversal of triangle A325220.
Appears to be a row reversal of EG1 triangle A162005, which has other formulas.
Compare to sn(x,k) = Integral cn(x,k)*dn(x,k) dx, where sn(x,k), cn(x,k), and dn(x,k) are Jacobi elliptic functions (see triangle A060628).
Compare also to Michael Pawellek's generalized elliptic functions.
FORMULA
E.g.f. S = S(x,k) = Sum_{n>=0} Sum_{j=0..n} T(n,j) * x^(2*n+1) * k^(2*j) / (2*n+1)!, along with related series C = C(x,k) and D = D(x,k), satisfies:
(1a) S = Integral C*D^2 dx.
(1b) C = 1 + Integral S*D^2 dx.
(1c) D = 1 + k^2 * Integral S*C*D dx.
(2a) C^2 - S^2 = 1.
(2b) D^2 - k^2*S^2 = 1.
(3a) C + S = exp( Integral D^2 dx ).
(3b) D + k*S = exp( k * Integral C*D dx ).
(4a) S = sinh( Integral D^2 dx ).
(4b) S = sinh( k * Integral C*D dx ) / k.
(4c) C = cosh( Integral D^2 dx ).
(4d) D = cosh( k * Integral C*D dx ).
(5a) d/dx S = C*D^2.
(5b) d/dx C = S*D^2.
(5c) d/dx D = k^2 * S*C*D.
From Paul D. Hanna, Mar 31 2019, Apr 20 2019 (Start):
Given sn(x,k), cn(x,k), and dn(x,k) are Jacobi elliptic functions, with i^2 = -1, k' = sqrt(1-k^2), then
(6a) S = -i * sn( i * Integral D dx, k),
(6b) C = cn( i * Integral D dx, k),
(6c) D = dn( i * Integral D dx, k).
(7a) S = sc( Integral D dx, k') = sn(Integral D dx, k')/cn(Integral D dx, k'),
(7b) C = nc( Integral D dx, k') = 1/cn(Integral D dx, k'),
(7c) D = dc( Integral D dx, k') = dn(Integral D dx, k')/cn(Integral D dx, k'). (End)
Row sums equal (2*n+1)!*(2*n)!/(n!^2*4^n) = A079484(n), the product of two consecutive odd double factorials.
Main diagonal equals A000182, the tangent numbers.
EXAMPLE
E.g.f.: S(x,k) = x + (2*k^2 + 1)*x^3/3! + (16*k^4 + 28*k^2 + 1)*x^5/5! + (272*k^6 + 1032*k^4 + 270*k^2 + 1)*x^7/7! + (7936*k^8 + 52736*k^6 + 36096*k^4 + 2456*k^2 + 1)*x^9/9! + (353792*k^10 + 3646208*k^8 + 4766048*k^6 + 1035088*k^4 + 22138*k^2 + 1)*x^11/11! + (22368256*k^12 + 330545664*k^10 + 704357760*k^8 + 319830400*k^6 + 27426960*k^4 + 199284*k^2 + 1)*x^13/13! + ...
such that C(x,k)^2 - S(x,k)^2 = 1.
This triangle of coefficients T(n,j) of x^(2*n+1)*k^(2*j)/(2*n+1)! in e.g.f. S(x,k) begins:
1;
1, 2;
1, 28, 16;
1, 270, 1032, 272;
1, 2456, 36096, 52736, 7936;
1, 22138, 1035088, 4766048, 3646208, 353792;
1, 199284, 27426960, 319830400, 704357760, 330545664, 22368256;
1, 1793606, 702812568, 18598875760, 93989648000, 120536980224, 38188155904, 1903757312;
1, 16142512, 17753262208, 1002968825344, 10324483102720, 28745874079744, 24060789342208, 5488365862912, 209865342976; ...
RELATED SERIES.
The related series C(x,k), where C(x,k)^2 - S(x,k)^2 = 1, starts
C(x,k) = 1 + x^2/2! + (8*k^2 + 1)*x^4/4! + (136*k^4 + 88*k^2 + 1)*x^6/6! + (3968*k^6 + 6240*k^4 + 816*k^2 + 1)*x^8/8! + (176896*k^8 + 513536*k^6 + 195216*k^4 + 7376*k^2 + 1)*x^10/10! + (11184128*k^10 + 51880064*k^8 + 39572864*k^6 + 5352544*k^4 + 66424*k^2 + 1)*x^12/12! + (951878656*k^12 + 6453433344*k^10 + 8258202240*k^8 + 2458228480*k^6 + 139127640*k^4 + 597864*k^2 + 1)*x^14/14! + ...
The related series D(x,k), where D(x,k)^2 - k^2*S(x,k)^2 = 1, starts
D(x,k) = 1 + k^2*x^2/2! + (5*k^4 + 4*k^2)*x^4/4! + (61*k^6 + 148*k^4 + 16*k^2)*x^6/6! + (1385*k^8 + 6744*k^6 + 2832*k^4 + 64*k^2)*x^8/8! + (50521*k^10 + 410456*k^8 + 383856*k^6 + 47936*k^4 + 256*k^2)*x^10/10! + (2702765*k^12 + 32947964*k^10 + 54480944*k^8 + 17142784*k^6 + 780544*k^4 + 1024*k^2)*x^12/12! + (199360981*k^14 + 3402510924*k^12 + 8760740640*k^10 + 5199585280*k^8 + 686711040*k^6 + 12555264*k^4 + 4096*k^2)*x^14/14! + ...
PROG
(PARI) N=10;
{S=x; C=1; D=1; for(i=1, 2*N, S = intformal(C*D^2 +O(x^(2*N+1))); C = 1 + intformal(S*D^2); D = 1 + k^2*intformal(S*C*D)); }
for(n=0, N, for(j=0, n, print1( (2*n+1)!*polcoeff(polcoeff(S, 2*n+1, x), 2*j, k), ", ")) ; print(""))
CROSSREFS
Cf. A322231 (C), A322232 (D).
Cf. A325220 (row reversal), A162005.
Sequence in context: A089963 A362013 A336911 * A353910 A353913 A012411
KEYWORD
nonn,tabl
AUTHOR
Paul D. Hanna, Dec 14 2018
STATUS
approved