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A320744
Number of chiral pairs of color patterns (set partitions) in a cycle of length n using 4 or fewer colors (subsets).
3
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 30, 130, 532, 2006, 7626, 28401, 106260, 396435, 1486147, 5580130, 21032880, 79486763, 301317282, 1145123672, 4362804633, 16658456825, 63738451998, 244332656201, 938244497740, 3608640426930, 13899977105315, 53614228550220, 207061964668740, 800639722002163, 3099251007215286, 12009598156277090, 46582685655751645, 180850428684482360
OFFSET
1,6
COMMENTS
Two color patterns are equivalent if the colors are permuted.
Adnk[d,n,k] in Mathematica program is coefficient of x^k in A(d,n)(x) in Gilbert and Riordan reference.
There are nonrecursive formulas, generating functions, and computer programs for A056292 and A305750, which can be used in conjunction with the first formula.
LINKS
E. N. Gilbert and J. Riordan, Symmetry types of periodic sequences, Illinois J. Math., 5 (1961), 657-665.
FORMULA
a(n) = (A056292(n) - A305750(n)) / 2 = A056292(n) - A056354(n) = A056354(n) - A305750(n).
a(n) = Sum_{j=1..k} -Ach(n,j)/2 + (1/2n)*Sum_{d|n} phi(d)*A(d,n/d,j), where k=4 is the maximum number of colors, Ach(n,k) = [n>=0 & n<2 & n==k] + [n>1]*(k*Ach(n-2,k) + Ach(n-2,k-1) + Ach(n-2,k-2)), and A(d,n,k) = [n==0 & k==0] + [n>0 & k>0]*(k*A(d,n-1,k) + Sum_{j|d} A(d,n-1,k-j)).
a(n) = A059053(n) + A320643(n) + A320644(n).
EXAMPLE
For a(6)=6, the chiral pairs are AAABBC-AAABCC, AABABC-AABCAC, AABACB-AABCAB, AABACC-AABBAC, AABACD-AABCAD, and AABCBD-AABCDC.
MATHEMATICA
Adnk[d_, n_, k_] := Adnk[d, n, k] = If[n>0 && k>0, Adnk[d, n-1, k]k + DivisorSum[d, Adnk[d, n-1, k-#]&], Boole[n == 0 && k == 0]]
Ach[n_, k_] := Ach[n, k] = If[n<2, Boole[n==k && n>=0], k Ach[n-2, k] + Ach[n-2, k-1] + Ach[n-2, k-2]] (* A304972 *)
k=4; Table[Sum[(DivisorSum[n, EulerPhi[#] Adnk[#, n/#, j]&]/n - Ach[n, j])/2, {j, k}], {n, 40}]
CROSSREFS
Column 4 of A320742.
Cf. A056292 (oriented), A056354 (unoriented), A305750 (achiral).
Sequence in context: A007465 A261389 A073389 * A232061 A247386 A317755
KEYWORD
nonn,easy
AUTHOR
Robert A. Russell, Oct 21 2018
STATUS
approved