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A303235
Number of ordered pairs (x, y) with 0 <= x <= y such that n - 2^x - 2^y can be written as the sum of two triangular numbers.
5
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 8, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 9, 9, 11, 9, 10, 11, 10, 9, 12, 10, 11, 14, 13, 11, 14, 12, 12, 13, 15, 12, 14, 12, 13, 14, 14, 14, 15, 13, 11, 14, 13, 11, 16, 13, 10, 11, 13, 11, 14
OFFSET
1,3
COMMENTS
Conjecture: a(n) > 0 for all n > 1.
Note that a nonnegative integer m is the sum of two triangular numbers if and only if 4*m+1 (or 8*m+2) can be written as the sum of two squares.
We have verified a(n) > 0 for all n = 2..4*10^8. See also the related sequences A303233 and A303234.
LINKS
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, J. Number Theory 175(2017), 167-190.
Zhi-Wei Sun, New conjectures on representations of integers (I), Nanjing Univ. J. Math. Biquarterly 34(2017), no. 2, 97-120.
Zhi-Wei Sun, Restricted sums of four squares, arXiv:1701.05868 [math.NT], 2017-2018.
EXAMPLE
a(2) = 1 with 2 - 2^0 - 2^0 = 0*(0+1)/2 + 0*(0+1)/2.
a(3) = 2 with 3 - 2^0 - 2^0 = 0*(0+1)/2 + 1*(1+1)/2 and 3 - 2^0 - 2^1 = 0*(0+1)/2 + 0*(0+1)/2.
MATHEMATICA
f[n_]:=f[n]=FactorInteger[n];
g[n_]:=g[n]=Sum[Boole[Mod[Part[Part[f[n], i], 1], 4]==3&&Mod[Part[Part[f[n], i], 2], 2]==1], {i, 1, Length[f[n]]}]==0;
QQ[n_]:=QQ[n]=(n==0)||(n>0&&g[n]);
tab={}; Do[r=0; Do[If[QQ[4(n-2^k-2^j)+1], r=r+1], {k, 0, Log[2, n]-1}, {j, k, Log[2, n-2^k]}]; tab=Append[tab, r], {n, 1, 60}]; Print[tab]
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Zhi-Wei Sun, Apr 20 2018
STATUS
approved