OFFSET
1,5
COMMENTS
Conjecture 1: a(n) > 0 for all n > 0.
Conjecture 2: Any positive integer can be written as x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^2, where x is a positive integer and y,z,w are nonnegative integers such that 2*x + 7*y = 2^k*m^3 for some k = 0,1,2 and m = 1,2,3,....
We have verified a(n) > 0 for all n = 1..10^7.
LINKS
Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, J. Number Theory 175(2017), 167-190.
Zhi-Wei Sun, Restricted sums of four squares, arXiv:1701.05868 [math.NT], 2017-2018.
EXAMPLE
a(7) = 1 since 7 = 1^2 + 2^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 1 + 3*2 + 9*1 = 2*2^3.
a(19) = 1 since 19 = 4^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 + 1^2 with 4 + 3*1 + 9*1 = 2*2^3.
a(46) = 1 since 46 = 0^2 + 6^2 + 1^2 + 3^2 with 0 + 3*6 + 9*1 = 3^3.
a(79) = 1 since 79 = 2^2 + 7^2 + 1^2 + 5^2 with 2 + 3*7 + 9*1 = 2^2*2^3.
a(125) = 1 since 125 = 2^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 11^2 with 2 + 3*0 + 9*0 = 2*1^3.
a(736) = 1 since 736 = 0^2 + 24^2 + 4^2 + 12^2 with 0 + 3*24 + 9*4 = 2^2*3^3.
MATHEMATICA
SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]];
CQ[n_]:=CQ[n]=IntegerQ[n^(1/3)];
QQ[n_]:=CQ[n]||CQ[n/2]||CQ[n/4];
tab={}; Do[r=0; Do[If[QQ[x+3y+9z]&&SQ[n-x^2-y^2-z^2], r=r+1], {x, 0, Sqrt[n-1]}, {y, 0, Sqrt[n-1-x^2]}, {z, 0, Sqrt[n-1-x^2-y^2]}]; tab=Append[tab, r], {n, 1, 80}]; Print[tab]
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Zhi-Wei Sun, Mar 18 2018
STATUS
approved