OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
The last term in this sequence is 2160. The reasons are as follows (let b, c, d, i, j, k, m, r, s, t, w, x, y and z be nonnegative integers).
For the Diophantine equation x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^7 = m:
(1) If m is not of the form 4^c * (8b + 7), then it follows from Legendre's three-square theorem that the equation has a solution with w = 0.
(2) 8b + 7 - 1^7 = 8b + 6. Then m = 8b + 7, the equation has a solution with w = 1.
(3) 4 * (8b + 7) - 1^7 = (8 * (4b + 3) + 3) = 8d + 3. Then m = 4 * (8b + 7), the equation has a solution with w = 1.
(4) For b >= 17, 16 * (8b + 7) - 3^7 = 8 * (16 * (b - 17) + 12) + 5 = 8i + 5. Then m = 16 * (8b + 7) and b >= 17, the equation has a solution with w = 3.
(5) 4^3 * (8b + 7) - 2^7 = 4^3 * (8b + 5). Then m = 4^3 * (8b + 7), the equation has a solution with w = 2. And 4^3 * (8b + 7) - 3^7 = 8 * (4^3 * (b - 4) + 38) + 5 = 8j + 5. Then m = 4^3 * (8b + 7) and b >= 4, the equation has a solution with w = 3.
(6) 4^4 * (8b + 7) - 2^7 = 4^3 * (8 * (4b + 3) + 3) = 4^3 * (8k + 3). 4^4 * (8b + 7) - 3^7 = 8 * (256b - 217) + 3 = 8r + 3. Then m = 4^4 * (8b + 7), the equation has a solution with w = 2 and when b > 0, the equation has a solution with w = 3.
(7) When c >= 5, 4^c * (8b + 7) - 2^7 = 4^3 * (8 * (b * 4^(c - 3) + 14 * 4^(c - 5) + 5) = 4^3 * (8s + 5). 4^c * (8b + 7) - 3^7 = 8 * (b * 4^(c - 3) + 14 * 4^(c - 3) - 273) + 3 = 8t + 3. Then n = 4^c * (8b + 7), the equation has solutions with w = 2 and 3.
In short, except for the 17 numbers in the sequence, every nonnegative integer can be represented as the sum of 3 squares and a nonnegative 7th power.
LINKS
FORMULA
a(n) = 128n - 16 = 16 * A004771(n - 1), 1 <= n <= 17.
MATHEMATICA
t1={};
Do[Do[If[x^2+y^2+z^2+w^7==n, AppendTo[t1, n]&&Break[]], {x, 0, n^(1/2)}, {y, x, (n-x^2)^(1/2)}, {z, y, (n-x^2-y^2)^(1/2)}, {w, 0, (n-x^2-y^2-z^2)^(1/7)}], {n, 0, 3000}];
t2={};
Do[If[FreeQ[t1, k]==True, AppendTo[t2, k]], {k, 0, 3000}];
t2
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn,fini,full
AUTHOR
XU Pingya, Jan 10 2018
STATUS
approved