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A296185
Numbers that are not the sum of 3 squares and an 8th power.
1
112, 240, 368, 496, 624, 752, 880, 1008, 1136, 1264, 1392, 1520, 1648, 1776, 1904, 2032, 2160, 2288, 2416, 2544, 2672, 2800, 2928, 3056, 3184, 3312, 3440, 3568, 3696, 3824, 3952, 4080, 4208, 4336, 4464, 4592, 4720, 4848, 4976, 5104, 5232, 5360, 5488, 5616
OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
When m is in this sequence, 9m and m^9 are also in this sequence.
For nonnegative integers a, b, k, n, x, y, z and w, n = x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^8 if and only if n is not of the form 4^(4k + 2) * (8b + 7).
1. If n is not of the form 4^a * (8b + 7), then it follows from Legendre's three-square theorem that the equation x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + w^8 = n has a solution with w = 0.
2. If n = 4^a * (8b + 7), then (c, d and j are nonnegative integers):
(1) If a = 4k, then n - (2^k)^8 = 4^(4k) * (8b + 6), and the equation has a solution with w = 2^k.
(2) If a = 4k + 1, then n - (2^k)^8 = 4^(4k) * (32b + 27) is of the form 4^c * (8d + 3), and the equation has a solution with w = 2^k.
(3) If a = 4k + 3, then n - ((2^(k + 1))^8 = 4^a * (8b + 3), and the equation has a solution with w = 2^(k + 1).
(4) If a = 4k + 2 and w = 2j + 1, then n == 0 (mod 8), w^8 == 1 (mod 8), and n - w^8 is number of the form 8c + 7. I.e., the equation does not have a solution with w odd.
If a = 4k + 2 and w = 4j + 2, then n - w^8 = 16 * (4^(4k) * (8b + 7) - 16 * (2j + 1)^8) = 4^4 * (4^(4k - 4) * (8b + 7) - (2j + 1)^8). When k = 0, n - w^8 is a number of the form 16 * (8c + 7); when k > 0, n - w^8 is a number of the form 4^4 * (8d + 7). Therefore, the equation does not have a solution with w = 4j + 2. Similarly, it can be proved that there is no solution with w = 4j.
MATHEMATICA
t1={};
Do[Do[If[x^2+y^2+z^2+w^8==n, AppendTo[t1, n]&&Break[]], {x, 0, n^(1/2)}, {y, x, (n-x^2)^(1/2)}, {z, y, (n-x^2-y^2)^(1/2)}, {w, 0, (n-x^2-y^2-z^2)^(1/8)}], {n, 0, 5700}];
t2={};
Do[If[FreeQ[t1, k]==True, AppendTo[t2, k]], {k, 0, 5700}];
t2
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
XU Pingya, Jan 13 2018
STATUS
approved