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A294619
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a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1, a(2) = 2 and a(n) = 1 for n > 2.
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2
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0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
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OFFSET
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0,3
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COMMENTS
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Continued fraction expansion of (sqrt(5) + 1)/(2*sqrt(5)).
Inverse binomial transform is {0, 1, 4, 10, 21, 41, 78, 148, ...}, A132925 with one leading zero.
Also the main diagonal in the expansion of (1 + x)^n - 1 + x^2 (A300453).
The partial sum of this sequence is A184985.
a(n) is the number of state diagrams having n components that are obtained from an n-foil [(2,n)-torus knot] shadow. Let a shadow diagram be the regular projection of a mathematical knot into the plane, where the under/over information at every crossing is omitted. A state for the shadow diagram is a diagram obtained by merging either of the opposite areas surrounding each crossing.
a(n) satisfies the identities a(n)^a(n+k) = a(n), 2^a(k) = 2*a(k) and a(k)! = a(k), k > 0.
Also the number of non-isomorphic simple connected undirected graphs with n+1 edges and a longest path of length 2. - Nathaniel Gregg, Nov 02 2021
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REFERENCES
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V. I. Arnold, Topological Invariants of Plane Curves and Caustics, American Math. Soc., 1994.
L. H. Kauffman, Knots and Physics, World Scientific Publishers, 1991.
V. Manturov, Knot Theory, CRC Press, 2004.
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LINKS
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FORMULA
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a(n) = ((-1)^2^(n^2 + 3*n + 2) + (-1)^2^(n^2 - n) - (-1)^2^(n^2 - 3*n + 2) + 1)/2.
a(n) = (1 + (-1)^((n + 1)!))/2 + Kronecker(n, 2).
a(n) = min(n, 3) - 2*(max(n - 2, 0) - max(n - 3, 0)).
a(n) = floor(F(n+1)/F(n)) for n > 0, with a(0) = 0, where F(n) = A000045(n) is the n-th Fibonacci number.
a(n) = a(n-1) for n > 3, with a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1, a(2) = 2 and a(3) = 1.
a(n+1) = 2^A185012(n+1), with a(0) = 0.
G.f.: (x + x^2 - x^3)/(1 - x).
E.g.f.: (2*exp(x) - 2 + x^2)/2.
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EXAMPLE
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For n = 2, the shadow of the Hopf link yields 2 two-component state diagrams (see example in A300453). Thus a(2) = 2.
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MATHEMATICA
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CoefficientList[Series[(x + x^2 - x^3)/(1 - x), {x, 0, 100}], x] (* Wesley Ivan Hurt, Nov 05 2017 *)
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PROG
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(PARI) a(n) = if(n>2, 1, n);
(Maxima) makelist((1 + (-1)^((n + 1)!))/2 + kron_delta(n, 2), n, 0, 100);
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CROSSREFS
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Cf. A000007, A000045, A004278, A005096, A005803, A010701, A063524, A103775, A107583, A130130, A132925, A141044, A157928, A158411, A163985, A171386, A179184, A184985, A185012, A300453.
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KEYWORD
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nonn,easy
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AUTHOR
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STATUS
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approved
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