OFFSET
1,4
COMMENTS
Conjecture: For any n > 0, we have a(n) > 0, i.e., n can be written as w^2 + x^2*(1+(z-y)^2+(y+z)^2) = w^2 + x^2*(1+2*y^2+2*z^2), where w,x,y,z are nonnegative integers with x > 0 and y <= z. Moreover, any positive integer n not equal to 449 can be written as 4^k*(1+x^2+y^2) + z^2, where k,x,y,z are nonnegative integers with x == y (mod 2).
This is stronger than Lagrange's four-square theorem, and we have verified it for n up to 10^6.
LINKS
Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1604.06723 [math.NT], 2016-2017.
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, J. Number Theory 175(2017), 167-190, 2017.
EXAMPLE
a(2) = 1 since 2 = 1^2 + 1^2*(1+0^2+0^2) with 0 + 0 even.
a(7) = 1 since 7 = 2^2 + 1^2*(1+1^2+1^2) with 1 + 1 even.
a(59) = 1 since 59 = 0^2 + 1^2*(1+3^2+7^2) with 3 + 7 even.
a(71) = 1 since 71 = 6^2 + 1^2*(1+3^2+5^2) with 3 + 5 even.
a(113) = 2 since 113 = 7^2 + 8^2*(1+0^2+0^2) = 8^2 + 7^2*(1+0^2+0^2) with 0 + 0 even.
a(143) = 1 since 143 = 6^2 + 1^2*(1+5^2+9^2) with 5 + 9 even.
a(191) = 1 since 191 = 10^2 + 1^2*(1+3^2+9^2) with 3 + 9 even.
a(449) = 3 since 449 = 18^2 + 5^2*(1+0^2+2^2) with 0 + 2 even, and 449 = 7^2 + 20^2*(1+0^2+0^2) = 20^2 + 7^2*(1+0^2+0^2) with 0 + 0 even.
a(497) = 1 since 497 = 15^2 + 4^2*(1+0^2+4^2) with 0 + 4 even.
a(2033) = 1 since 2033 = 33^2 + 4^2*(1+3^2+7^2) with 3 + 7 even.
MATHEMATICA
SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
Do[r=0; Do[If[SQ[n-x^2*(1+2y^2+2z^2)], r=r+1], {x, 1, Sqrt[n]}, {y, 0, Sqrt[(n/x^2-1)/4]}, {z, y, Sqrt[(n/x^2-1-2y^2)/2]}]; Print[n, " ", r]; Continue, {n, 1, 80}]
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Zhi-Wei Sun, Aug 07 2016
STATUS
approved