OFFSET
0,4
COMMENTS
Clearly, a(n) = 0 if n is a square. Part (i) of the conjecture in A271518 implies that a(n) always exists.
For more conjectural refinements of Lagrange's four-square theorem, one may consult arXiv:1604.06723.
LINKS
Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Zhi-Wei Sun, Refining Lagrange's four-square theorem, arXiv:1604.06723 [math.GM], 2016.
EXAMPLE
a(1) = 0 since 1 = 0^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 with 0 + 3*0 + 5*0 = 0^2.
a(2) = 1 since 2 = 1^2 + 0^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 with 1 + 3*0 + 5*0 = 1^2.
a(3) = 2 since 3 = 1^2 + 1^2 + 0^2 + 1^2 with 1 + 3*1 + 5*0 = 2^2.
a(3812) = 11 since 3812 = 37^2 + 3^2 + 15^2 + 47^2 with 37 + 3*3 + 5*15 = 11^2.
a(3840) = 16 since 3840 = 48^2 + 16^2 + 32^2 + 16^2 with 48 + 3*16 + 5*32 = 16^2.
MATHEMATICA
SQ[n_]:=SQ[n]=IntegerQ[Sqrt[n]]
Do[m=0; Label[bb]; Do[If[3y+5z<=m^2&&SQ[n-y^2-z^2-(m^2-3y-5z)^2], Print[n, " ", m]; Goto[aa]], {y, 0, Sqrt[n]}, {z, 0, Sqrt[n-y^2]}]; m=m+1; Goto[bb]; Label[aa]; Continue, {n, 0, 80}]
CROSSREFS
Cf. A000118, A000290, A260625, A261876, A262357, A267121, A268197, A268507, A269400, A270073, A271510, A271513, A271518, A271608, A271665, A271714, A271721, A271724, A271775, A271778, A271824, A272084, A272332, A272351, A272620, A272888, A272977, A273021, A273107, A273108, A273110, A273134, A273278.
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Zhi-Wei Sun, May 19 2016
STATUS
approved