OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
Conjecture: a(n) exists for any n > 0, and a(n) < n^2 for all n > 2.
This implies that all the rational numbers sigma(n^2)/n^2 = Sum_{d|n^2} 1/d (n = 1,2,3,...) are pairwise distinct. We have verified that the numbers sigma(n^2)/n^2 (n = 1..10^5) are indeed pairwise distinct, and noted that sigma(26334^2)/26334^2 - sigma(6^2)/6^2 = 127/36 - 91/36 = 1.
We guess that for each k = 2,3,... all the numbers sigma(n^k)/n^k = Sum_{d|n^k} 1/d (n = 1,2,3,...) are pairwise distinct. See also A001157 for a similar conjecture.
LINKS
Zhi-Wei Sun, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..2000
EXAMPLE
a(1) = 2 since 2 is the least prime greater than sigma(1^2)/1^2 = 1.
a(2) = 5 since sigma(1^2)/1^2 = 1 and sigma(2^2)/2^2 = 7/4 are incongruent modulo the prime 5 > 2, but 1 is congruent to 7/4 modulo the prime 3.
MATHEMATICA
rMod[m_, n_]:=rMod[m, n]=Mod[Numerator[m]*PowerMod[Denominator[m], -1, n], n, -n/2]
f[n_]:=f[n]=DivisorSigma[1, n^2]/n^2
Le[n_, m_]:=Le[m, n]=Length[Union[Table[rMod[f[k], Prime[m]], {k, 1, n}]]]
Do[n=1; m=1; Label[aa]; If[m>PrimePi[n]&&Le[n, m]==n, Goto[bb], m=m+1; Goto[aa]]; Label[bb]; Print[n, " ", Prime[m]]; If[n<60, n=n+1; Goto[aa]]]
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Zhi-Wei Sun, Oct 14 2015
EXTENSIONS
Definition corrected by Omar E. Pol, Oct 24 2015
STATUS
approved